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Physics⚡️ > Chapter 1 🤙🏻 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 🤙🏻 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is energy transferred?

A

By: waves
An electric current
A force when an object falls

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2
Q

What is the principle of the conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

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3
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system where no energy transfers take place

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4
Q

What is work done?

A

The amount of energy transferred to an object

When a force makes an object move

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5
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Work done= force applied x distance moved along the line of the action of the force

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6
Q

What is the equation for the change in gravitational potential energy store?

A

Change of gravitational potential energy store= mass x gravitational field strength x change of height

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7
Q

Why does the gravitational potential energy store of an object increase when it is lifted?

A

Work is done to overcome the gravitational force

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8
Q

What is the power supplied to a motor?

A

The energy supplied to it

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9
Q

What makes an appliance powerful?

A

The faster it transfers energy

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10
Q

How to calculate power (W) using energy transferred and time?

A

Power = energy transferred / time

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11
Q

How to calculate use power wasted by an appliance?

A

Wasted power = total power input - useful power output

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12
Q

Useful energy from a light bulb

A

Light

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13
Q

Wasted energy in a light bulb

A

Heat

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14
Q

Useful energy in a heater

A

Heat

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15
Q

Wasted energy from a heater

A

Light emitted from glowing element

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16
Q

Useful energy in a toaster

A

Heat

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17
Q

Energy wasted from a toaster

A

Heating the toaster itself

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18
Q

Useful energy in a kettle

A

Heat water

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19
Q

Wasted energy in a kettle

A

Heating kettle itself

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20
Q

Useful energy hairdryer

A

Heat

Kinetic energy of fan

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21
Q

Wasted energy from a hairdryer

A

Sound

Heating hairdryer itself

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22
Q

Useful energy in motor

A

GPE of objects lifted

Kinetic energy

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23
Q

Energy wasted from motor

A

Heating motor

Sound

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24
Q

What should an electrical appliance do?

A

Waste as little energy as possible

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25
Q

What is the input energy?

A

The energy supplied to a device

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26
Q

What is the greatest efficiency a decide can have?

A

100%

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27
Q

How do machines waste energy?

A

Friction between moving parts

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28
Q

How to reduce problem of friction?

A

Lubricants moving parts

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29
Q

How to reduce problem of resistance?

A

Use wires with lower resistance

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30
Q

How to reduce problem of air resistance

A

Streamline

31
Q

How to produce problem of sound being transferred to surroundings

A

Tighten loose parts

32
Q

What is useful energy?

A

Energy transferred to where it is wanted in the way it is wanted

33
Q

What is wasted energy?

A

Energy they isn’t usefully transferred

34
Q

What happens when energy dissipates?

A

It spreads out

35
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy (J) using mass and speed?

A

Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x speed ^2

36
Q

What is the equation for elastic potential energy using Spring constant, 1/2 and extension?

A

Elastic potential energy = 1/2 x Spring constant x extension^2

37
Q

what are the 8 energy stores?

A 
chemical
kinetic
elastic potential
gravitational potential
thermal
nuclear
magnetic
electrostatic
38
Q

examples of chemical energy stores (3)

A

fuels
foods
chemicals in batteries

39
Q

when is energy in a chemical energy store released?

A

during chemical reactions

40
Q

what is a kinetic energy store

A

the energy an object has because it is moving

41
Q

what is the gravitational potential energy store?

A

the energy an object has because of its position above the ground

42
Q

what is the elastic potential energy store

A

the energy stored in a springy object when you stretch or squash it

43
Q

what happens when a system changes?

A

energy is transferred

44
Q

what changes happen to the energy stores when a ball is dropped?

A

gravitational potential energy decreases

the kinetic energy increases

45
Q

what is a closed system?

A

where no energy can enter or leave

46
Q

what energy is transferred when a person throws a ball up?

A

chemical energy in a person is transferred to kinetic energy in the ball

47
Q

what happen when you apply the brakes in a car

A

the friction causes the kinetic energy to decrease and be transferred as heat energy to the surroundings

48
Q

what happens when an object is moved by a force?

A

work is done on that object by the force/ the force transfers energy to the object

49
Q

what does work done equal?

A

energy transferred

50
Q

why do the brake pads become warm when yoy apply them?

A

work is being done to overcome friction

51
Q

Why does an object speed up as it falls?

A

GPE store is converted to kinetic energy

52
Q

Why wouldn’t a bungee jumper return to the original height after a jump?

A

Some energy has been transferred to the surroundings

53
Q

Why would a pendulum swinging in a vacuum be an example of a closed system?

A

There is no energy transferred so it could keep on swinging forever

54
Q

What is work done the same as

A

Energy transferred

55
Q

What happens to work done to overcome friction?

A

It is transferred to the surroundings

56
Q

What energy transfers happen when an object is lifted up?

A

The work done on the object is equal to the increase in GPE

57
Q

What does work done to move an object up or down depend on? 2

A

How far

Weight

58
Q

To calculate difference in GPE along a slope what do you remember to do

A

Calculate vertical height not distance up slope

59
Q

Why does the GPE of an object increase when you lift it up

A

Work is being done to overcome gravity

60
Q

Energy lost from GPE store =

A

Energy gained in kinetic energy store

61
Q

What does the kinetic energy of a moving object depend on

A

Mass and speed

62
Q

What is elastic potential energy

A

Energy stores in an elastic object when work is done on the object

63
Q

What is useful energy

A

Energy that is transferred in the way that is wanted

64
Q

What is wasted energy?

A

Energy that isn’t usefully transferred

65
Q

What does it mean when energy dissipates

A

It spreads out and is stores in less useful ways

66
Q

What is the input energy

A

The energy supplied to a device

67
Q

What are the 4 reasons machines waste energy

A

Noise
Friction
Air resistance
Electrical resistance

68
Q

How to reduce energy lost by friction

A

Lubricate moving parts

69
Q

How to reduce energy lost by electrical resistance

A

Use wires with as little resistance as possible

70
Q

How to reduce energy lost by air resistance

A

Streamlining

71
Q

How to reduce energy lost by sound

A

Cut out noise

72
Q

What is the power supplies to a motor

A

The energy supplied to it per second

73
Q

The more powerful an appliance is….

A

The faster it transfers energy

Physics⚡️ (16 decks)

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