Chapter 8 Flashcards
Men who had been born in Spain
Peninsulares
Spaniards born in Latin America
Creoles
Persons of mixed European and African ancestors
Mulattos
Romantic and practical liberator
Simón Bolívar
Simple and modest liberator
José de San Martin
Took first step in towards independence
Miguel Hidalgo
Led rebellion for 4 years/ defeated by Augustan de Inturbide in 1815
José María Morelos
What caused the creoles in South America to rebel against Spain?
Couldn’t hold high-level political office, felt NO loyalty to a French king
What role did Augustin de Iturbide play in the independence of Mexico and of countries of Central America?
Refused to recognize declarations of independence from Mexico, made peace with last ruler
Who was Dom Pedro, and what role did he o,ay in Brazil’s move for independence?
King Johns son, officially declared Brazil’s independence
Wealthy property owners and nobility
Conservatives
Middle-class Business owners and merchants
Liberals
Favored drastic change drastic to extend democracy to the people as a whole
Radicals
Belief that ones loyalty shouldn’t be to a great king but rather to a nation of people who share common culture and history
Nationalism
When nation had its own independent nation
Nation-State
Region that includes all or part of present day Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey
The Balkans
Won presidential election and brought peace to France
Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte
Decided to move Russia towards modernization and social change
Alexander II
Why did so many people in Europe and North America support the revolution of Greek nationalists against the Ottoman Empire?
Russians felt a connection to Greek Orthodox Christians
Educated Europeans and North Americans loved and respected the Ancient Greek culture
How successful were the revolts in 1848? Explain.
Not very successful, they overthrow the monarchy and established a republic but that fell apart almost immediately
Wealthy, middle-aged aristocrat, who worked tirelessly to expand piedmont-Sardinia’s power
Camilo di Cavour
Bold and romantic soldier who captured Sicily
Giuseppe Garibaldo
Garibaldi followers
Red shirts
Conservative junker
Otto von Bismark
Politics of reality
Realpolitik
Emperor
Kaiser
How did nationalism in the 1800s work as a force both for (nifty and disunity?
Disunity- broke up century old empires
Unity- people of same culture began to create new nation states
What approaches did Camillo di Cavour use to try to acquire more territory for Piedmont-Sardinia?
He used diplomacy and well chosen alliances to gain territory
What strategy did Otto von Bismarck use to try to make Prussia the leader of a united Germany?
Provoked Austria and France into two separate wars, reasoning the 2 would unite the German people behind Prussia
Movement in the arts and ideas
Romanticism
Tires to show life as it is, not how it should be
Realism
Artist reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressions of subjects or moments in time
Impressionism
Name two ideas of the attitudes of the romantic movement that reflected the ideas of nationalism.
Ideas of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium
What new conditions caused a change in the arts from romanticism to realism?
Rapid industrialization brought bad working conditions to many who lived in dirty crowded cities shining a light on reality
