Chapter 7 Flashcards
System of feudalism in Middle Ages
Old Regime
Social class
Estate
Became king in 1774
Louis XVI
Louis XVI wife
Marie Antoinette
Assembly of representatives from all 3 estates
Estates-General
Pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people
National Assembly
3rd estate delegates pledged to stay until new constitution was formed
Tennis Court Oath
Wave of senseless panic
Great Fear
Why were the members of the Third a Estate dissatisfied with their way of life under the Old Regime?
They were heavily taxed and treated poorly
Why was the fall of the Bastille important to the French Revolution?
Bastille fell into control of citizens and it was symbolic because it showed progress in Revolution
Statement of revolutionary ideals adopted by Frances National Assembly in 1789
Declaration of the Rughts of Man
Had power to create laws/to approve or prevent laws war the king declares
Legislative Assembly
Nobles and others who fled France during leasing uprising
Émigres
Most radical group
Sans-Culottes
Machine used to behead people
Guillotine
Gathered control after Louis XVI death
Maximillien Robespierre
Made to identify “enemies of the republic”
Committee of Public Safety
MR period of rule
Reign of Terror
Name three political reforms that resulted in the French Revolution.
Declaration of the Rights of Man, incorporation of church into the state, and creation of the Legislative Assembly
What was the Reign of Terror, and how did it end?
Robespierre time of ruling where he killed thousands of people, it ended with Robespierre losing his head to the guilitene
Became a lieutenant in army at age 16
Napoleon Bonaparte
Sudden seizure of political power
Coup D’tat
Vote of the people
Plebiscite
Government-run public schools
Lycées
Agreement
Concordant
Napoleons comprehensive system of laws
Napoleonic Code
Only major battle Napoleon lost
Battle of Trafalgar
Summarize Napoleons Reforms in France.
Created a government ruled public schools, created the napoleonic code, and created a national banking system
What steps did Napoleon take to create an empire in Europe?
Gained fame though military defeats, then dissolved directory with a coup, and then became the first consul, and finally dictator
Forcible closing of ports
Blockade
Supposed to make continental Europe more self-sufficient
Continental System
Bands of Spanish peasant fighters
Guerrilla
Napoleon lost 30,000 men/weakened French Empire
Peninsular War
Burning grain fields, slaughtering livestock, as to leave nothing that enemy could eat
Scorched-Earth Policy
Napoleon attacked British army in 1815
Waterloo
Defeat that ended Napoleon bud for power
Hundred Days
What factors led to Napoleons defeat in Russia?
Starving men, sick from cold, Russian raiders constantly attacked them on their way home from retreat
Summarize the reasons that the European allies were able to defeat Napoleon in 1814 and again in 1815.
1814- army wasn’t trained
1815- got exhausted and gave away
Series of meeting in Vienna/ called to set up policies
Congress of Vienna
Foreign minister of Austria who distrusted democratic ideals
Klemens von Metternich
No country’s would be a threat to others
Balance of Powers
Hereditary rift of a monarch to rule
Legitimacy
League of European nations
Holy Alliance
Assured that nations would help one another if any revolutions broke out
Concert of Europe
What were Metternich three goals at the congress of Vienna?
Prevent future French aggression by surrounding France with string countries, wanted to restore a balance of power, and restore European royal families to throne
How did Congress of Vienna assure peace in europe for the next 38 years?
Settlements were far more successful than any other peace meeting in history, and nations were cooperating to control polictial affairs
