Chapter 5 Flashcards
Charles V son: inherited Spain, Spanish Netherlands and the American colonies after father died
Philip II
Kings/Queens who believed that all power within states boundaries rested in their hands
Absolute monarchs
Idea that god created monarchs and that the monarchs acted as gods representatives on earth
Divine Right
Name three actions that demonstrate that Philip II of Spain saw himself as a defender of Catholicism.
Saw himself as part of a tradition to investigate suspected heretics, sent 250 Spanish and Venetian ships to defeat a large Ottoman fleet, launched the Spanish marmalade in an attempt to punish Protestants
According to French writer Jean Bodin, should a prince shade power with anyone else? Why or why not?
No; if a prince requires consent of superiors the;he is a subject himself
Hugentos could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worships in some cities
Edict of Nantes
Strong ministers who made up who made up for all of Louis’s weaknesses: appointed by Louis XIII in 1624
Cardinal Richelieu
Idea that nothing can ever be known for certain
Skepticism
Most powerful ruler in French history
Louis XIV
Collected taxes and administrated Justice
Intendente
Assisted Louis the most
Jean Baptist Colbert
Long struggle that followers after England, Austria, Dutch Republic, Portugal, and several other German and Italian states joined together against France and Spain
War of Spanish Succession
Name two ways Louis XIV controlled the French nobility.
Required nobles to live within him in Versailles, thereby giving more power to the intendents
In what ways did Louis XIV cause suffering to the French people?
Ran up huge debts, fought unpopular wars, and imposed heavy taxes
Conflict over religion, territory, and for power among European ruling families
Thirty Years War
Charles VI heir: oldest daughter
Maria Theresa
Fredrick II: watched his friends beheading
Fredrick the Great
Conflict over American colonies: fought in Europe, India, and North America in 1763
Seven Years War
What were six results of the Peace of Westphalia?
Weakened Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria, strengthened France by awarding it German territory, German princes independent of holy Roman empires, ended religious wars in Europe, introduced new method of peace negotiation, recognized Europe of independent states that could negotiate for themselves
What was the reason Maria Theresa and Fredrick the Feat fourth two wars against each other?
Fredrick assumed that because Maria is a woman she would not be powerful enough to defend her lands which produced iron ore, textiles, and food products
Ca,e to throne in 1533 when he was 3
Ivan the Terrible
Russian landowning nobles
Boyars
One of Russia’s greatest reformers
Peter the Great
Using Western Europe as an example for change
Westernization
List three differences Russia and Western Europe.
Religious differences, Russia was still s land of boyars and surfs, and Russia was isolated from the world while Europe was not
What’s were Peter the Great’s goals for Russia?
Westernize Russia, make Russia stronger, modernize the army, reduced power of landowners, and he brought Russian Orthodox Church under state control
James I son: took throne in 1625
Charles I
Supporters and opponents of King Charles fought from 1642-1649
English Civil War
General who defeated the Cavaliers
Oliver Cromwell
Period of Charles II rule
Restoration
Guarantee of freedom passed by parliament in 1679
Habeas Corpus
Bloodless overthrow of James II
Glorious Revolution
Laws limit rulers power
Constitutional Monarchy
Group of government ministers
Cabinet
Describe the causes, participants, and outcome of the English Civil War.
Causes- people opposed King Charles and wanted him off throne
Participants- the cavaliers and the roundheads
Outcome- Cromwell defeated cavaliers and put him on trial where he was sentenced to death
List at three ways that parliament tried to limit the power of the English monarchy.
They enforced the Bill of Rights, government became a constitutional monarchy, and the created the cabinet of ministers
