Chapter 8 Flashcards
what are the six steps to any resistance exercise?
(what is the motion to be performed?)
- determine the direction of resistance
- determine the starting position
- monitor joint position/stabilization
- monitor the path of motion
- determine and monitor the range of motion
what are the three types of range of motion?
passive, active, resisted
what is active range of motion?
your muscular ability to move
what are the five sections that make up the vertebral column?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
how many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?
33 vertebrae
what are the four spinal motions?
flexion, extension, lateral flexion, rotation
what is the number one cause of back pain?
long periods out of a neutral spine
how much does the intradiskal pressure increase when someone goes from a standing position to a seated position?
30% - 40%
(T/F) ? when training the rectus abdominis you can’t create regional emphasis on upper or lower abs.
false; you can create regional emphasis because of segmental nerve innervation.
what muscles play a role in stabilizing the trunk?
back extensors, lateral flexors, anterior abdominals
what should you look for when assessing someone’s posture?
- know your limitations
- know when to refer
- minimize clothing
- analyze “natural” posture
when beginning a strength program what should precede mobility?
stability before mobility
what is the law of facilitation?
when an impulse passes once through a given set of neurons to the exclusion of others it will tend to do so on future occasion and each time it travels this path the resistance will be smaller.
what is the goal of the seated posture trainer exercise?
to teach proper body alignment and increase postural control and strength.
what is abdominal coordination?
the ability to stabilize the pelvis and lumbar curvature while simultaneously raising and lowering the leg (s).
what is the key to using the back extension machine?
the key is control. do not allow the machine to push you into slouched position. (spinal flexion)
what is the shoulder girdle composed of? what is the shoulder girdle a foundation for?
clavicle and scapula. the foundation for the head, neck, and upper extremity.
what are the motions of the shoulder girdle?
elevation, depression, abduction, adduction
what is scapulohumeral rhythm?
the relationship between the shoulder joint and the scapulothoracic joint. two degrees of shoulder motion for every one degree of scapulothoracic motion.
what is considered to be normal ROM in shoulder flexion?
160 - 180 degrees
what are the SITS muscles?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.
what are the three divisions of the pectoral is major?
clavicular, sternal, and costal fibers
when performing a lateral raise what is the prime mover?
deltoid
what is the strongest, heaviest, and longest bone in the body?
femur
each hip bone is fused by which three bones?
Ilium, ischium, and pubis
what is the true function of the hip abductors?
to maintain pelvic stability in single leg standing.
what bones make up the knee joint?
the knee is formed by the articulation of the distal femur and proximal tibia. together they form the tibia-femoral (or knee) joint.
how is lower extremity alignment accomplished?
by ensuring that the femur is directed toward the toes
the ankle is a hinge joint formed by what bones?
the tibia, fibula, and talus
what two muscles make up the calf muscles?
gastrocnemius and soleus
what action does the gastrocnemius perform?
flexes the leg: and plantar flexes the foot
when performing a prone leg curl the pivot point of the machine should be lined up with the?
axis of rotation of the knee
