Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is exercise physiology ?
the study of the cellular functions in the human body before, during, and after exercise.
What is the most basic unit or life?
the cell
What are the three energy systems?
- ATP-Creatine-Phosphate system
- Glycolysis
- Aerobic Oxidation
Which energy systems are anaerobic? aerobic?
the ATP-CP-System and Glycolysis are considered anaerobic. the aerobic oxidations system is aerobic.
T/F ? The term anaerobic means oxygen is not required to function.
true
What are three examples of activities that primarily require use of the ATP-CP system: ?
- weight lifting
- sprints
- tennis
What is Glycolysis? How long does it last?
The breakdown of carbohydrates to pyruvate or lactic acid to produce ATP. It lasts from 10 seconds to 3 minutes.
What is lactate threshold?
the accumulation or rise in lactate.
What is glucose? Where is it stored? What is it stored as?
blood sugar and is the main source of anaerobic ATP production. Glucose is stored in the muscles and liver. Glucose is stored as glycogen.
What is aerobic oxidation?
the aerobic pathway to produce ATP.
What part of the musculoskeletal system allows the human body to move?
skeletal muscle
What are the three types of connective tissue that encompass muscle?
epimysium (outer) perimysium (middle) endomysium (inner)
What is a myofibril ? What are the two myofibrilaments that compose a myofibril?
myofibril - the smallest unit of a muscle cell. Actin (thin) and Myosin (thick) filaments.
What are the two types of muscle fibers? explain the difference between the two: …
speed of contraction and force output
what muscle fiber type os predominantly involved in activities such as sprinting, power lifting, and the high jump?
type 2b
what is the “All or None Principle”?
when a myofiber is innervated by a nerve cell, the myofibrils contract totally or not at all.
what are the three types of contractions? lis them in the order of strength from strongest to weakest:
eccentric, isometric, concentric
what is concentric strength?
the amount of musculoskeletal force to overcome a resistance by a shortening of the muscle fibers.
what is eccentric strength?
the amount of musculoskeletal force displayed when amuse is lengthened under tension.
what is the function of blood?
blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body. Blood also retrieves waste products from the checks and carries them to be expelled or metabolized.
what is periodicity?
the gradual cycling of specificity, intensity or volume of training to achieve a specific goal.
what is the overload principle?
the attempt to challenge the musculoskeletal system with unaccustomed stimulation such as, but not limited to, increased weight, speed, or volume of training (number of sets or reps).
what are the five major factors that effect training?
level of fitness, intensity, duration, frequency, genetics
what is the difference between using free weights and selectorized equipment?
- free weights can be used in several exercises, but not all; selectorized uses only select muscle groups.
- free weights are functional, real life easy to transport; selectorized doesn’t require a spotter, safer, and easier to change resistance.
- free weight require more technique; machines do not fit everyone and can limit ROM.
- free weights usually require more stabilization than machines.
What is ATP?
adenosine triphosphate
what would afferent information be?
nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs toward the central nervous system.
what is a motor unit?
a single a-motor neuron and all of the corresponding muscle fibers it innervates.
what are the three types of muscle tissues?
skeletal, cardiac, and visceral
what are the prime movers or agonists in a bicep curl?
biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis
what would the training heart rate of 70% be for a 32 year-old female with a resting heart rate of 72?
220 - Age x % = THR = 131.6 or
220 - Age - RHR x % + RHR = THR = 153.2 or
220 - Age x % x 1.15 = THR = 151.34 (beats per minute)
What are a few examples of signs of overtraining?
elevated resting heart, difficulty sleeping, fatigue, excessive weight-loss, excessive soreness.
what time of the day are the highest levels of blood secretion levels of growth hormone released?
at night
