Chapter 8 Flashcards
- What is an edition?
a set number of prints from a given plate or block, after which the original printing surface is destroyed
How are editions numbered?
in the following way, ie: 2/100, meaning the second print out of an edition of 100.
- What is relief?
refers to any printing method in which the image to be printed is raised from a background.
Think of a rubber stamp where you press the stamp into an ink pad and then onto a piece of paper and the raised areas are the areas that transfer the image.
- What is intaglio?
Italian for “to cut” is the exact opposite of relief, in that the areas that are meant to print are recessed below the surface of the printing plate, which is then inked, wiped clean and pressure is applied by a press to transfer the image to paper.
5 basic types of intaglio printing are
engraving
drypoint
mezzotint
etching
aquatint
- Where was paper invented?
China
- Know about the invention of the printing press
in the mid-15th century
launched Europe’s first great “information revolution”. For the first time in the West, information could be easily disseminated.
- Durer’s “4 horsemen of the apocalypse
This print is one of 14 full page illustrations for Durer’s edition of the biblical Book of Revelation, also known as the Apocalypse.
woodcut
- Difference between woodcut and wood engraving
Woodcut:
the artist first draws the desired image on a block of wood, then all areas that are not meant to print are gouged away so that the image stands out in relief.
The block is then inked after which paper is applied to the surface and with pressure applied, the image is transferred.
Engraving:
Wood engraving is done on the end grain of the wood rather than the smooth side.
- Registration
making sure that the paper is lined up perfectly on each block so that colors do not overlap but print only in the areas that they were intended for.
- Lithography
differs from all other printing processes in that the surface does not depend on relief or depressions to print, but was developed on the principle that oil and water do not mix.
artist first draws onto the printing surface, with a grease based lithography crayon on a greasy ink
very free process
- Touluse Lautrec
best known works are a series of posters that he designed for the nightclubs and entertainers of his day.
The artist that more than any other made lithography a medium for original artwork
- Monotype
the exception to the rule, that printmaking is the “art of multiples”.
an indirect process, like any other print, however, as the prefix “mono” is implied, only 1 print results
paints or draws their image on a smooth plate often with diluted oil paints, then the paper is set over the plate and run through a press to transfer the image.
Monotype by Robin Weiss
Woodblock handscroll
earliest surviving abt. 868
Albrecth Durer
woodcut
Albrecht Durer. Self Portrait
woodcut in oil
Toshusai Sharaku. Otani Oniji as Edohei. 1794. Blockprint
Peter Behrens
multicolor woodcut
Emil Nolde. The Prophet.
woodcut
Rockwell Kent
Wood engraving
Marcantonio Raimondi, After Raphael
engraving on metal
Thomas Doney. The Jolly Flatboat Men, after George Caleb Bingham. 1847.
Mezzotint
Rembrandt. Christ Preaching
Etching
Francisco de Goya Hasta la Muerte (Until Death)
Etching & Aquatint
Kathe Kollowitz. Death and the Mother. 1934. Lithograph
Engraving
A sharp tool is used to incise fine lines in the metal surface. The deeper the cut, the darker the line.
drypoint
Almost the same as engraving, just that a different incising tool is used- a drypoint needle.
A somewhat softer line is achieved in drypoint than in engraving.
Mezzotint
a reverse process, in which the entire plate is roughed up with a tool called a “rocker”.
uses a tool called a burnisher to smooth out the areas that need to be lighter
Where the burrs are partially removed, the plate will have intermediate values.
-When the burrs are entirely smoothed away, you will have the lightest values, (white).
Etching
uses acids to “eat” lines and depressions into a metal plate
Next, the artist draws on the plate with an etching needle, removing the ground, after which the plate is submerged in acid, which eats at the exposed metal.
Aquatint
a variation on the etching process, in that it also uses acid.
Because aquatint does not print lines, but areas of tone, it is nearly always combined with one or more of the intaglio processes
Screenprinting
Think of using stencils back in elementary school, where you would put down a leaf onto a piece of paper and then paint over it. The place where the leaf is will be white when the leaf is removed. Silk screen works on the same principal.
