Chapter 8

Question 1

• What is an edition?

Answer 1

a set number of prints from a given plate or block, after which the original printing surface is destroyed

Question 2

How are editions numbered?

Answer 2

in the following way, ie: 2/100, meaning the second print out of an edition of 100.

Question 3

• What is relief?

Answer 3

refers to any printing method in which the image to be printed is raised from a background.

Think of a rubber stamp where you press the stamp into an ink pad and then onto a piece of paper and the raised areas are the areas that transfer the image.

Question 4

• What is intaglio?

Answer 4

Italian for “to cut” is the exact opposite of relief, in that the areas that are meant to print are recessed below the surface of the printing plate, which is then inked, wiped clean and pressure is applied by a press to transfer the image to paper.

Question 5

5 basic types of intaglio printing are

Answer 5

engraving

drypoint

mezzotint

etching

aquatint

Question 6

• Where was paper invented?

Answer 6

China

Question 7

• Know about the invention of the printing press

Answer 7

in the mid-15th century

launched Europe’s first great “information revolution”. For the first time in the West, information could be easily disseminated.

Question 8

• Durer’s “4 horsemen of the apocalypse

Answer 8

This print is one of 14 full page illustrations for Durer’s edition of the biblical Book of Revelation, also known as the Apocalypse.

woodcut

Question 9

• Difference between woodcut and wood engraving

Answer 9

Woodcut:

the artist first draws the desired image on a block of wood, then all areas that are not meant to print are gouged away so that the image stands out in relief.
The block is then inked after which paper is applied to the surface and with pressure applied, the image is transferred.

Engraving:

Wood engraving is done on the end grain of the wood rather than the smooth side.

Question 10

• Registration

Answer 10

making sure that the paper is lined up perfectly on each block so that colors do not overlap but print only in the areas that they were intended for.

Question 11

• Lithography

Answer 11

differs from all other printing processes in that the surface does not depend on relief or depressions to print, but was developed on the principle that oil and water do not mix.

artist first draws onto the printing surface, with a grease based lithography crayon on a greasy ink

very free process

Question 12

• Touluse Lautrec

Answer 12

best known works are a series of posters that he designed for the nightclubs and entertainers of his day.

The artist that more than any other made lithography a medium for original artwork

Question 13

• Monotype

Answer 13

the exception to the rule, that printmaking is the “art of multiples”.

an indirect process, like any other print, however, as the prefix “mono” is implied, only 1 print results

paints or draws their image on a smooth plate often with diluted oil paints, then the paper is set over the plate and run through a press to transfer the image.

Question 14

Answer 14

Monotype by Robin Weiss

Question 15

Answer 15

Woodblock handscroll

earliest surviving abt. 868

Question 16

Answer 16

Albrecth Durer

woodcut

Question 17

Answer 17

Albrecht Durer. Self Portrait

woodcut in oil

Question 18

Answer 18

Toshusai Sharaku. Otani Oniji as Edohei. 1794. Blockprint

Question 19

Answer 19

Peter Behrens

multicolor woodcut

Question 20

Answer 20

Emil Nolde. The Prophet.

woodcut

Question 21

Answer 21

Rockwell Kent

Wood engraving

Question 22

Answer 22

Marcantonio Raimondi, After Raphael

engraving on metal

Question 23

Answer 23

Thomas Doney. The Jolly Flatboat Men, after George Caleb Bingham. 1847.

Mezzotint

Question 24

Answer 24

Rembrandt. Christ Preaching

Etching

Question 25

Answer 25

Francisco de Goya Hasta la Muerte (Until Death)

Etching & Aquatint

Question 26

Answer 26

Kathe Kollowitz. Death and the Mother. 1934. Lithograph

Question 27

Engraving

Answer 27

A sharp tool is used to incise fine lines in the metal surface. The deeper the cut, the darker the line.

Question 28

drypoint

Answer 28

Almost the same as engraving, just that a different incising tool is used- a drypoint needle.
A somewhat softer line is achieved in drypoint than in engraving.

Question 29

Mezzotint

Answer 29

a reverse process, in which the entire plate is roughed up with a tool called a “rocker”.

uses a tool called a burnisher to smooth out the areas that need to be lighter

Where the burrs are partially removed, the plate will have intermediate values.
-When the burrs are entirely smoothed away, you will have the lightest values, (white).

Question 30

Etching

Answer 30

uses acids to “eat” lines and depressions into a metal plate

Next, the artist draws on the plate with an etching needle, removing the ground, after which the plate is submerged in acid, which eats at the exposed metal.

Question 31

Aquatint

Answer 31

a variation on the etching process, in that it also uses acid.

Because aquatint does not print lines, but areas of tone, it is nearly always combined with one or more of the intaglio processes

Question 32

Screenprinting

Answer 32

Think of using stencils back in elementary school, where you would put down a leaf onto a piece of paper and then paint over it. The place where the leaf is will be white when the leaf is removed. Silk screen works on the same principal.