CHAPTER 8 Flashcards
Differentiate between sexual and asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction- when a one cell replicates its genetic material and splits into 2
Sexual reproduction- the production of offspring whose genetic makeup comes from 2 parents
In the human life cycle, when does mitosis occur? What about Meiosis?
Mitosis occurs in in every cell that is not a sex cell. It is for repair, growth.
Meiosis occurs within the sex cells.
Define “apoptosis” and explain why you need it to happen correctly in your body sometimes.
It is programmed cell death that is a normal part of development. It helps shape structure though development. When chicken have webbed feet and then the cells in between the toes die. A tadpoles tail dies as the frog develop as a frog.
In a few words, what happens in DNA replication?
Step 1: the helicase enzymes unwinds and separates the 2 DNA strands.
Step 2: The DNA polymerase enzymes assembles new DNA strands, using nucleotides that are complementary to each exposed strands
Step 3: the process ends with 2 identical double-stranded DNA molecules
What ingredients are required for DNA replication to occur?
A DNA polymerase enzymes
Why is cell division more complicated in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes?
It is less complicated in prokaryotes because typically the cells consist of a singular circular DNA molecule. Therefore it is more difficult in a eukaryotic cell because there is multiple chromosomes in the nucleus.
It is also difficult because the cell must have access to the information in its DNA and dividing cells must package its DNA into a portable form that can easily move into two daughter cells. Packaging requires a lot of long piece of DNA.
• What does DNA polymerase do?
The DNA polymerase adds new DNA nucleotides that are complementary to the bases on each exposed strand
Why do cells undergo DNA replication? When does it occur in the cell cycle?
Why do cells undergo DNA replication? When does it occur in the cell cycle?
Define ‘binary fission.’
Prokaryotic cells do binary fission. Binary fission is an asexual process that replicates DNA and distributes it into two daughter cells. Only one chromosome needed.
what is cytokenisis?
distribution of cytoplasm into daughter cells in cell divions
what type of structure does DNA have
antiparelles
how are nucleotides bonded?
phosphodiester bonds
what are the 3 stages of trnascription?
initiation, enlongation, and terminatiojs
where is the cytoskeleton manufactured?
rough ER
