chapter 7 learning objectives Flashcards
DNA carries —-, which tells the cell how to make —-.
information, proteins
Explain why it is impossible for DNA to control protein synthesis directly (hint- Where is DNA? Where does protein synthesis occur?)
DNA cannot control protein synthesis directly because DNA is located in the nucleus and protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes
Which class of biological molecule are DNA & RNA?
there are nucleic acids
What monomer subunits make up DNA & RNA?
nucleotides
State the location of DNA inside cells (eukaryotic cell & prokaryotic)
in a eukaryotic cell- in the nucleus
in prokarytoic cells it is free flowing
Define “chromosome”, ‘gene”, and “genome”
genome- is all of an organisms genetic material in its cells.
gene- sequence of DNA that encodes a specific protein or RNA molecule
chromosome- a discrete package of DNA coiled around protiens-
• How many genes and chromosomes do you have
i have 20,000-25,000 genes
23 pairs of chromosomes
If a cricket cell is making 70,000,000 different proteins right now how many genes must the cricket
have?
70,000,000
Define transcription
production of RNA using DNA as a template
where a cell re-writes a gene’s sequence to a complementary RNA molecule
Define translation
assembly of an amino acid chain according to the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA
Recall that transcription & translation are long …
complex metabolic pathways that involve lots of chemical reactions
Name each type of RNA and state its function.
mRNA- a molecule of RNA that encodes a protein
tRNA- molecule of RNA that binds an amino acid at one site and an mRNA
rRNA- a molecule of RNA that, along with proteins, forms a ribosome- where translation occurs
define amino acid
the building block of proteins
consists of a central carbon bonded with a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group
define protein
a macrolecule
define peptide bond
a covalent bond between adjacent amino acids; results from dehydration synthesis
define polypeptide
a long polymer of amino acids
define codon
a triplet of mRNA bases that specifies a particular amino acid
Recall that tRNA is
like a connector, or adaptor molecule. It brings —- to the ribosomes and matches it
up to —–.
