Chapter 8

Question 1

Why was Washington chosen to lead army?

Answer 1

To stop tension between colonies. He was from middle colony of Virginia

Question 2

Why did he colonial army seek to conquer Canada?

Answer 2

To add it as a fourteenth colony

Question 3

Why did America continue to resist total independence from Britain?

Answer 3

• Loyalty ingrained
• enjoyed transatlantic community
• little colonial unity
• fear repercussions

Question 4

Who was the first to suggest the idea of independence?

Answer 4

Thomas Paine

Question 5

What is a natural aristocracy of talent?

Answer 5

That only the best educated and socially situated men were qualified to lead

Question 6

What was the significance of Washington’s Delaware River Crossing?

Answer 6

It was a turning point in the Revolution

Question 7

Why was the battle of Saratoga vital to the American cause?

Answer 7

It encouraged France to provide military aid

Question 8

When the Second Continental Congress met in Philly after Lexington and Concord, what was their desire?

Answer 8

To fight in hope that Parliament would listen to their complaints. No attitude for independence until later.

Question 9

Before the Declaration of Independence, what was contradictory about the actions of Americans?

Answer 9

• Pledged loyalty and wanted to fix turmoil

- Shot down British soldiers

Question 10

What happened at Bunker Hill?

Answer 10

Colonists had it under control, British attempted a frontal attack. Colonists mowed down oncoming British but had to retreat due to supplies

Question 11

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

Answer 11

Petition sent to British professing loyalty and begging for prevention of further hostilities

Question 12

What was George III’s response to the Olive Branch Petition?

Answer 12

He declined all hopes of reconciliation after being slaughtered at Bunker Hill

Question 13

Which British actions shocked colonists into realizing the necessity for separation?

Answer 13

• Hiring of Hessians

- Burning of Falmouth and Norfolk

Question 14

What happened when colonists attempted to add Canada as 14th colony?

Answer 14

General Montgomery captured Montreal, then helped Benedict Arnold to capture Quebec. Canadians resisted because of how British helped them in Quebec Acts.

Question 15

What did Common Sense call for?

Answer 15

The creation of a republic, where power flowed from people and a need for independence

Question 16

Who said the motion that was adopted by the Committees of Correspondence and created into the Declaration of Independence?

Answer 16

Richard Lee

Question 17

What were the results of the Declaration?

Answer 17

• Foreign assistance could be had with greater hopes of success
• Patriots turned into rebels, not loving subjects shooting way into reconciliation
• Persecution of loyalists became more brutal

Question 18

The loyalist group included which kinds of people?

Answer 18

Elder people who fought in French and Indian War, people of wealth and education, Anglican Church members

Question 19

What happened with General William Howe?

Answer 19

DIdn’t speedily crush Americans in Battle of Long Island. Remembered the slaughter at Bunker Hill among other things. Instead had scandals with various females.

Question 20

What happened at Trenton?

Answer 20

Washington crossed Delaware River to capture 1,000 sleeping Hessians

Question 21

What happened at Lake Champlain?

Answer 21

Benedict Arnold retreated to Lake Champlain after defeat at Quebec. British followed to control lake. British fleet of ships defeat Arnold’s one ship, but time had been lost and British had to retreat.

Question 22

How did General Howe blunder in the war after plan was set to sever North from South?

Answer 22

Instead of moving up Hudson River to meet Burgoyne, decided to attack Philadelphia. Washington ended up transferring army to Philly and Howe stayed there.

Question 23

What happened at Saratoga? How was it important for the American cause?

Answer 23

• Militiamen surrounded and forced Burgoyne’s men to surrender.
• French decided to aid American cause afterwards

Question 24

What did the Model Treaty say?

Answer 24

-No political connection, no military connection, only commercial connection

Question 25

Why was Ben Franklin able to sway the British in negotiations?

Answer 25

Britain passed measure the offered Americans home rule after Saratoga, what they had wanted.

Question 26

What happened with the armed neutrality?

Answer 26

European nturals, lead by Russia, adopted passive hostility against Britain

Question 27

What was the first treaty between the US and an Indian nation? Who was it specifically between?

Answer 27

Treaty of Fort Stanwix. Between US and pro-Britain Iroquois

Question 28

What did the Treaty of Paris state?

Answer 28

That the US should be recognized as an independent nation. Its boundaries should extend to Mississippi and Spanish Florida. Also that Loyalists couldn’t be persecuted.