Chapter 8 Flashcards
Why was Washington chosen to lead army?
To stop tension between colonies. He was from middle colony of Virginia
Why did he colonial army seek to conquer Canada?
To add it as a fourteenth colony
Why did America continue to resist total independence from Britain?
- Loyalty ingrained
- enjoyed transatlantic community
- little colonial unity
- fear repercussions
Who was the first to suggest the idea of independence?
Thomas Paine
What is a natural aristocracy of talent?
That only the best educated and socially situated men were qualified to lead
What was the significance of Washington’s Delaware River Crossing?
It was a turning point in the Revolution
Why was the battle of Saratoga vital to the American cause?
It encouraged France to provide military aid
When the Second Continental Congress met in Philly after Lexington and Concord, what was their desire?
To fight in hope that Parliament would listen to their complaints. No attitude for independence until later.
Before the Declaration of Independence, what was contradictory about the actions of Americans?
- Pledged loyalty and wanted to fix turmoil
- Shot down British soldiers
What happened at Bunker Hill?
Colonists had it under control, British attempted a frontal attack. Colonists mowed down oncoming British but had to retreat due to supplies
What was the Olive Branch Petition?
Petition sent to British professing loyalty and begging for prevention of further hostilities
What was George III’s response to the Olive Branch Petition?
He declined all hopes of reconciliation after being slaughtered at Bunker Hill
Which British actions shocked colonists into realizing the necessity for separation?
- Hiring of Hessians
- Burning of Falmouth and Norfolk
What happened when colonists attempted to add Canada as 14th colony?
General Montgomery captured Montreal, then helped Benedict Arnold to capture Quebec. Canadians resisted because of how British helped them in Quebec Acts.
What did Common Sense call for?
The creation of a republic, where power flowed from people and a need for independence
Who said the motion that was adopted by the Committees of Correspondence and created into the Declaration of Independence?
Richard Lee
What were the results of the Declaration?
- Foreign assistance could be had with greater hopes of success
- Patriots turned into rebels, not loving subjects shooting way into reconciliation
- Persecution of loyalists became more brutal
The loyalist group included which kinds of people?
Elder people who fought in French and Indian War, people of wealth and education, Anglican Church members
What happened with General William Howe?
DIdn’t speedily crush Americans in Battle of Long Island. Remembered the slaughter at Bunker Hill among other things. Instead had scandals with various females.
What happened at Trenton?
Washington crossed Delaware River to capture 1,000 sleeping Hessians
What happened at Lake Champlain?
Benedict Arnold retreated to Lake Champlain after defeat at Quebec. British followed to control lake. British fleet of ships defeat Arnold’s one ship, but time had been lost and British had to retreat.
How did General Howe blunder in the war after plan was set to sever North from South?
Instead of moving up Hudson River to meet Burgoyne, decided to attack Philadelphia. Washington ended up transferring army to Philly and Howe stayed there.
What happened at Saratoga? How was it important for the American cause?
- Militiamen surrounded and forced Burgoyne’s men to surrender.
- French decided to aid American cause afterwards
What did the Model Treaty say?
-No political connection, no military connection, only commercial connection
Why was Ben Franklin able to sway the British in negotiations?
Britain passed measure the offered Americans home rule after Saratoga, what they had wanted.
What happened with the armed neutrality?
European nturals, lead by Russia, adopted passive hostility against Britain
What was the first treaty between the US and an Indian nation? Who was it specifically between?
Treaty of Fort Stanwix. Between US and pro-Britain Iroquois
What did the Treaty of Paris state?
That the US should be recognized as an independent nation. Its boundaries should extend to Mississippi and Spanish Florida. Also that Loyalists couldn’t be persecuted.
