Chapter 16 Flashcards
What single thing halted ideas of abolition in early republic?
Invention of cotton gin
On which type of farms did separation of slave families occur most often?
Small plantations in upper South
What did the earliest abolition efforts focus on?
Sending slaves back to Africa
How did Garrison and Douglass differ?
Douglass embraced political tactics unlike Garrison
What was the main reason that the North and South stayed together antebellum?
Economy
After 1840, how much of all exports did cotton account for?
One half
How much of Britain’s cotton were from the US? What percent of population worked in mills using cotton?
3/4; 20%
Why was the South confident in its relationship with Britain? Why shouldn’t they have been?
- They had large stake in US’s cotton industry
- They could have found new cotton supplier
What percent of southerners own slaves?
25%
Which 2 people were the spokespeople for slavery in the south?
Calhoun and Davis
What were plantation women responsible for?
Delegating duties to staff
Which region of the South was most stable for slave families?
Lower South
Which location was the perfect location for runaway slaves?
Canada
South = WASP; what does WASP mean?
White anglo-saxon protestant
Why didn’t immigrants come to South?
Couldn’t compete with free slave labor
Why were whites without slaves largest supporters of slavery?
- American dream to own slaves
- Took pride in social place above them
Did mountaineers support slavery?
No, helped North when Union disbanded
Who was William T. Johnson?
Freed black slave who owned slaves himself
How did the North and South differ in their views on black race/individuals?
North: hated individual, liked race
South: liked individual, hated race
Who was N.P. Gordon?
Only slave trader to be caught after it was outlawed
Why did the slave population rise so much after slave trade was outlawed?
Natural reproduction
What fostered growth of internal slave trade?
Outlaw of international slave trade (from Africa)
Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe and what did he create?
Author who advocated against separation of families in slave auctions with book Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Why was the whip used often?
Form of negative reinforcement, as positive reinforcement (salary) was not used
Where was slave life most difficult, but most stable?
“Black belt”/deep South
What preaching style was popularized when slave culture developed?
Responsorial
Why were slaves denied ability to read/write?
Reading leads to ideas leading to discontent
What happened in Nat Turner’s rebellion?
Nat Turner killed 60 Virginian men and women
What happened on ship Amistad?
Slaves took control of ship heading to US from Africa; granted freedom by John Q. Adams in trial
What were the ideas of early abolitionists (from birth of republic? What association was founded?
- To send slaves back to Africa
- American Colonization Society
Where did the American Colonization Society want to send emancipated slaves?
Republic of Liberia
Why did most slaves not want to go back to Africa for emancipation?
They were American-born citizens
Who was Theodore Weld?
Preacher, inspired by Finney, who advocated abolition; created American Slavery As It Is
Who led 2 major rebellions in the ’20s and ’30s?
Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner
Who were the most militant abolitionists?
William Lloyd Garrison and David Walker
What were the results of the 2 major rebellions?
- Concern from whites
- Brutal punishments and harsher code
- Advocation of white supremacy
Who was William Lloyd Garrison?
- Militant editor of the Liberator
- Promoted secession; no solution to end slavery
- Did not use political tactics
- Created tension without a solution
- Dragged through Boston streets
What society was formed as a result of Garrison’s abolitionist ideals?
American Anti-Slavery Society
Who was Wendell Phillips
Member of American Anti-Slavery Society who refused to buy goods made by slaves
Who was David Walker?
Radical black man who wanted slavery and white supremacy finished immediately; created Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
Who was Sojourner Truth?
Freed slave who fought for emancipation
Who was Frederick Douglass?
Freed slave who gave impromptu speech at antislavery meeting and created Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Who was Elijah Lovejoy?
First martyr; continued to make printing press after it was destroyed and was eventually killed by mob
Why did antislavery societies below Mason-Dixon line fizzle out?
Virginia outlawed antislavery societies
What was the Gag Resolution and who fought for its appeal?
Prohibited talks of slavery in Congress; John Quincy Adams
What prompted a defense of slavery by slave owners?
- Rebellions
- Liberator/abolitionists
- Nullification Crisis
Why did North not secede from South?
South owed them $300 mil
