Chapter 8 Flashcards
Skin histology
Microscopic study of the skins tissue
Integumentary system
The skin and its layers
Dermatology
Study of the skin, it’s structure, functions, diseases, and treatment
Tiny openings that allow sweat or sebum to pass through the surface of the skin are called:
Pores
A complex mixture of fatty acids that keeps the skin soft, supple and pliable is known as:
Sebum
Skin physiology
Study of the skins functions
Skin-know as the protective layer
Epidermis
The epidermis is primarily composed of
Keratinocytes
Toughest layer of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
Keratinocytes on the surface of the skin remain tightly interconnected by intercellular connections called
Desmosomes
“Spiny” irregularly shaped cells are located in the:
Stratum spinosum
The layer of skin in which the cells are most regularly shaped and resemble many tiny granules is the:
Stratum granulosum
A strong protein substance that, when broken down, form bundles that strengthen and give structure to the skin is:
Collagen
Referred to as the “true skin”
Dermis
Not a receptor of sensation in the dermal layer of the skin
Mast cells
What do sudoriferous-glands produce?
Sweat
Apocrine glands are not located on:
Feet
Eccrine glands are not abundant in this area:
Underarm area
What is the male hormone that influences the production of sebum
Androgen
What is the structure that insulates and acts as a shock absorber to protect the bones
Subcutaneous layer
What is the name of the connective tissue that holds bones to other bones to form joints
Ligaments
Not a form of tissue found in the skin
Keratinocytes
Not a type of sensory cell
Microphages
The removal of dead skin that stimulates new cell growth is called
Exfoliation
Not a factor of skin absorption
Hair follicles
Refers to a change in structure of the skin tissue
Lesion
Which secondary lesion is a dried mass that is the remains of an oozing sore
Crust
A hereditary rash, or an inflammation of the skin, characterized by dry, sensitive, irritated skin is called
Atopic dermatitis
An allergic reaction that produces an eruption of wheals is known as
Hives
Highly contagious viral infection that causes an eruptive, blister-like cluster
Herpes simplex
Warts are not commonly found where:
Legs
A chronic inflammatory condition of the face in which the small capillaries of the face become dilated and inflamed is called
Rosacea
What does not cause acne
Eating too much chocolate
What is another name for a whitehead
Closed comedo
Not a myth for acne
Acne can be cleared up
An ingredient used to dry, exfoliate and help in killing bacteria
Benzoyl peroxide
A foul smelling perspiration caused by yeast and bacteria that break down the sweat on the surface of the skin is called
Bromidrosis
Small elevated growths that can easily be removed by a physician
Skin tags
What is a congenital disease that results in the failur of the skin to produce melanin
Albinism
A birthmark or congenital mole is called
Nevus
A freckle is called an
Lentigo
A term used to identify a rapid onset of an intense and severe condition
Acute
The term used to describe symptoms that are frequent and continuing is
Chronic
A swelling of tissue or skin caused by an excessive accumulation of fluid in the tissues is called
Edema
Which of the following is the term for the buildup of skin cells on the epidermis
Keratosis
An inflammation in the skin that causes severe itching, usually on undamaged skin, is known as:
Pruritis
Which of the following describes a disease that is active internally throughout the body system
Systemic disease
6 primary functions of the skin
Protection,secretion,regulation,absorption,excretion,sensation
Toughest layer of epidermis
Stratum corneum
Medical term predicting the probable course and outcome of a condition,disorder, or disease
Prognosis
An inheritable disease that can be triggered by environmental factors
Psoriasis
The body’s cushioning acts as a shock absorber and insulator
Subcontaneous layer
Complex mixture of fatty substances that keeps the skin soft, supple and pliable
Sebum
Fights infections
Microphage
Recognizes antigen and assists in destroying them
T-cells
Common myth, cause of acne
Eating chocolate causes acne
Allows sweat or sebum to pass through the surface of the skin
Pores
Lowest layer of epidermis, contains basal cells
Stratum germinativum
Inflammation that causes severe itching, usually on undamaged skin
Pruritus
Fluid filled elevation in skin caused by localized accumulation of fluids or blood just below the epidermis
Vesicle or blister
Produce pigment granules that give color to the skin
Melanocytes located in germinativum
Process of absorption into the skin
Transdermal penetration
What do sebaceous glands produce
Sebum
Sudoriferous glands produce a mixture of water, urea, electrolytes and lactic acid
Sweat
Caused by pathogenic bacteria or virus entering the body or skin and multiplying to the point of interfering with the body’s natural state
Infection
What is not a pigmentation disorder
Anhidrosis
Granules or dying cells on their way to the skins surface
Stratum granulosum
Condition caused by excess secretion on the sebaceous gland
Seborrhea
Tri-color yeast infection, non-contagious hypo pigmented
Tinea versicolor
Oily skin rash, scaly pinkish-yellow patches
Seborrheic dermatitis
Light pressure and cold receptors
Meissner’s corpuscles
Study of the cause of diseases, disorders or conditions
Etiology
Swelling of tissue or skin caused by an excessive accumulation of the fluid in the tissue
Edema
Holds bone to bone
Ligaments
The two layers of the dermis
Papillary and reticular
Carry lymph
Lymphocytes
The build up of skin cells on the epidermis
Keratosis
Chronic inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands
Acne
Painful infection of a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue
Furuncle or boil
A group of inherited conditions that results in the failure of skin to produce melanin
Albinism
Moderate acne that has an increased number of open and closed comedones as well as an occasional papule or pustule
Type 2 acne
Fungal infection affecting the trunk, legs or arms, characterized by a pink to red rash and itching
Tinea corporis
What layer contains intercellular connections
Stratum spinosum
Regular shape, are skin-colored or brown, flat or raised and are symmetrical
Benign growths or moles
Chronic inflammatory condition of the face in which the small capillaries of the face become dilated and inflamed
Rosacea
Touch receptors or sensory cells
Merkel cells
Transparent layer that lies between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum
Stratum luciderm
Dried mass that is the remains of an oozing sore
Crust
What is the largest waste removal system
The skin
Makes up the fingernails and hair
Hard keratin
In what layer is the basal layer located in
Stratum germinativum
An open lesion visible on the surface of the skin that may result in the loss of portions of the dermis and may be accompanied by pus
Ulcer
Highly contagious viral infection that lies dormant between outbreaks
Herpes simplex
An acute burning, itching rash, caused by excessive heat
Miliaria rubra
A disease that is active internally throughout the body system
Systemic disease
The chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein cells
Keratinization
Sweat glands located throughout the entire body and are most abundant on the forehead, the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, what is it and what process of the skin
Eccrin glands; thermo regulation
Dry scaly skin caused by reduced sebum production
Xerosis or asteatosis
Adipose primarily composes this layer
Subcontaneous layer
Squamous cells protect the layers below the _______
Stratum corneum
Outermost layer of the skin
Epidermis
Connect the dermis to the epidermis
Hemidesmosomes
Common disorder in pregnant women which results in increased pigmentation
Chloasma
A substance that causes an allergy
Allergen
The skin and its layers
Integumentary system
Irregular, crusted,red papule that occurs in sun exposed areas and may be an actinic keratosis that went untreated
Squamous cell carcinoma
The substance that binds, adds structural strength and mediates biochemical interactions between cells
Intercellular cement
Like the sweat glands and subaceous glands in the skin, __________ release their secretions into ducts; deposits on surface of skin
Exocrine glands
Cells that respond to allergies by releasing small granules called histamine a
Mast cells
Harmless sebaceous cyst filled with sebum, which is considered a tumor of the sebaceous gland
Steatoma
Crack or line in the skin that may penetrate as deep as the dermis
Fissure
A pore can contain a ________, or an opening that contains the root of a hair within it
Hair follicle
Viral infections on the top layer of the skin that are caused by HPV
Warts or verruca
Removal of dead skin
Exfoliation
Release secretion into the blood and are known as ductless glands
Endocrine glands
Known as a freckle, small yellowish to brownish spot on the skin
Lentigo
This layer is thicker on the hands and feet
Stratum lucidum
Foreign substances known as ________ provoke an immune response in the body
Antigens
Small inflamed elevation, filled with bacterial fluid and pus
Pustule
Cells which cover and protect the inside of the body
Epithelial cells
Skin deterioration caused by external factors within an individual’s control
Extrinsic aging
Shedding of dead skin cells of the uppermost layer of the epidermis
Scale
Common malignant lesions that tend to appear translucent, have irregular borders and tiny blood vessels running through them
Basal cell carcinoma
Two or more types of tissue connect together to make up various ________ of the body
Organs
What is another term for wart
Verruca
True/false
Eccrine glands are located under the arms
False
What are the 5 receptors of the skin
Free nerve endings, meissner’s corpuscles, Ruffini’s corpuscles,pacinian corpuscles, krause’s end bulbs
A solid formation above the skin, often cause by insect bits or an allergic reaction
Wheal
Where are mast cells located
The dermis
What is the lowest layer of the epidermis
Stratum germinativum
There are no __________ found in the epidermis, which receives nourishment from the layer below it
Blood vessels
Densely packed clear keratin
Whorls
Deep pressure and pain receptors
Pacinian corpuscles
Abnormal membranous sac containing a gaseous liquid or semi-solid substance
Cyst
