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Nutrition 202 > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Minerals in the body

A

acquired through diet

varying bioavaliability

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2
Q

Oxalates

A

in spinach and shit. Interfere w/ absoroption of calcium and iron

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3
Q

Tannins

A

found in tea and grains. interfere w/ absoprtion of iron

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4
Q

phytic acid/ phytate

A

in whole grains, bran, soy, bind calcium, zinc iron and magnesium, limiting the absorption of these ZINC MG,

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5
Q

functions of minerals

A 
COFACTORS
regulate body process
fluid regulation
bone health
BP reguation
Muscle contraction
Nerve transmission
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6
Q

Major minerals

A

Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sulfur
SSPPCCM

sodium, potassium, chloride=electrolytes
hella big in fluid regulation

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7
Q

sodium

A 
major mineral
Nacl. table salt 
Fluid balance
w/ potassium--> nerve transmission
muscle contraction

AI: 1,500 mg/day for adults under 51
min to fucntion: 180 mg
UL: 2,300/day

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8
Q

potassium

A

fluid balance
nerve transmission
muscle contraction
can help lower high BP

food sources:dairy, nuts, legumes,
PLANT BASED diet
fruits, veggies,

too much= abnormal heartbeat
Cardiac arrest

too little= muscle weakness, irregular <3beats

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9
Q

Which of the following individ. Is most likely to consume adequate amounts of potassium on their diet

A

. Someone following thr Mediterranean diet

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10
Q

Calcium

A

MOST ABUNDANT MINERAL IN DA BODY

when calcium levels are hihg:
calcitonin is high
calcium loss from bone
low PTH

Hypercalcemia= too much.
imparied kidney func. 
calcium deposits
risk of calcium stones
constipation
can interfer w/ absoprtion of zinc, iron, mg

too little= Osteopenia
reduced bone density
precursor to osteoperosis

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11
Q

phosphorus

A 
2nd most abundant mineral in body
most located in bones
energy bonds of ATP
acid/base regulation 
food sources:
animal based foods

too much = calcification deposits
poor bone density

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12
Q 
A majprity of the water in the body is locsted in the
A.extracellular
BA.intracellular 
C.interstitial
D.intravascular
A

Intracellular

in da cells

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13
Q 
The adequate ontake for sodium for people under 51 years old is
1000 mg/day
1500
200
2300
A

1500

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14
Q 
The hormone responsible for maintaining adequate levels of calcium in the blood is
Antidiuretic hormone
Gastrin
Parathyroid hormone
Inuslin
A

parathyroid hormone

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15
Q 
The regulation tjat defines whst a dietary supplement is and established labeling standards for a supplement is
DSHEA
cGMP
Us. Pharmacopial labeling act
Dietary supplement practice act
A

DSHEA

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16
Q

Magnesium

A

Major mineral in body
closely associated w/ phosphorus

stabilized ATP
VIT D ant PTH regulation
nerve nd muscle unc

BONE structure
about 50% in bones
BP regulation

whole grains
most in Germ and bran
isnt replaced in enrichment

deficiency
changes in BP and <3beat

17
Q

High Blood Pressure

A 
hypertension
silent killa
risk of
atheroscerloris
stroke
kidney failure

uncontrollabe factors:
family history, aging, ethnicity

18
Q 
Which of the following minerals is not associated with the improvement of blood pressure
Phophorus
Calcium
Magnesium 
Potassium
A

Phosphorus

19
Q

DASH

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

A

High in whole grains, fruits, veggies, low fat dairy
8-10 servings of fruit and veggies
2-3 servings of low fat dairy
6-8 servings of whole grains

lower in sat fats, cholesterols and weets,

impoved results if reduced sodium intake
diet high in potassium, mg, and calcium

20
Q

Sulfur

A

cysteine and methionene
assit w/ 3D protein sturcture

found inprotein in foods
thiamin and biotin
nonfood addtives

21
Q

Trace minerals

A

iron, zinc, manganase, selenium, iodine, fluoride, chromium and molybdenum

less than 100 mg a day

22
Q

Iron

A

Heme-iron
Non-heme ion

Part of hemoglobin in RBCs
transports O2
picks up CO2 waste

myoglibin–> stores O2 in muscles
helps enzymes make neutrotransmitters in brain
immune function

MOST COMMON DEFICEINCY IN US and WORLDWIDE

women need more iron than men b/c of periods

23
Q

Heme-iron vs. non-heme iron

A

part of myoglobin and hemoglobin
ANIMAL SOURCES
easily absorbed

non-heme iron
not easily absorbed
PLANT FOODS
iron enriched break and grain, legumes, apricots, potatoes

to enhance absoption of non-heme: consume foods high in vit C
have some damn meat
cook foods in iron pan/skillets

24
Q

Iron Deficiency Anemia

A

Most common nutritional deficiency in the world.

microcytic anemia. dont have hemoglobin in them

25
Q

Iron Toxicity

A

also hella common

Constipation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
overload can fuck up <3, kidneys, liver and NS

Hemochromatosis- genetic disorder that can cause iron overload

26
Q

Copper

A

is part of hella proteins
connective tissue synth, lipid metabolism

Is tied to IRON status
part of protein needed to transport iron from intestinal cells

deficiency:
affects immune func, collagen synth, cholesterol levels
can be result of overload of zinc supp

dietary sources: organ mean, seafood, chocolate, nuts,seeds, whole grain

27
Q

Zinc

A

trace mineral

involved w/ enzymes

DNA and RNA synth
production of WBCs
wound healing
stabalization of cell membranes

Absorbed better from animal sources than plant ones

bioavalibility reduced due to phytate, fiber, o xalate, tannins

vegetarians may need to consume 50% or more from diet

28
Q

Selenium

A

trace mineral

part of selected enzymes called selenoproteins

help regulate thyroid hormones
act as antioxidant
possible prevention of colon and prostate cancer?

food:
meat, seafood, ceral, grains, dairy, fruits

too much = Selenosis
causes brittle nails loss of hair, rash garlicky breath, NS damage

KESHAN DISEASE

29
Q

Keshan disease

A

Selenium deficiency
damages the heart
seen in rural areas

30
Q

Fluoride

A

protects against dental caries
bone health

sources: fluorated drinking water
foods are NOT good source

ta, bones of marine fish and toothpaste

too much= fluorsis- molting and staining during infancy

too litte: increases risk of dental caries

31
Q

Iodine

A 
trace mineral
thyroid function 
needed to make hormones
sources:
iodized salt

excess can impair thyroid func

inadequate intake: Enlarged thyrid gland. GOITER

iodine deficiency during early stages of fetal development= CRETENISM

32
Q

CRETENISM

A

iodine deficiency during early fetal development

33
Q

GOITER

A

enlarged thyroid gland

iodine deficiency

34
Q 
A dietary source of non heme iron includes
Milk
Beans or legumes
Beef
Sardines
A

beans and legumes

non heme come from plants.

Nutrition 202 (14 decks)

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