Chapter 7 Flashcards

Question

Folate vs. folic acid and functions of

Answer 1

Folate is whats naturally found in foods. Folic Acid is what is synth from folate. Its fortified foods and supplements. its absorbed easier than folate. _Functions:_ Amino acid metabolism Coenzme for DNA synth important for **Rapidly Dividing Cells** (so pregnancy) found in hella amounts in Lentils and grains Too much/little: formation of abnornally large, immature RBCs **M A C R O C Y T I C A N E M I A** **neural tube defects (spina bifida/ anancephaly)** can reduce risk of some cancers: colon, pancreatic, breast, ovarian

Answer 2

coenzyme for hella enzymes in _Protein Metabolism_ to create nonessential mino acids and hemoglobin in RBCs. breakdown of glycogen for glucose conversion of tryptophan --\> niacin 3 forms: pyriodoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine active coenzyme: pyridxial phosphate In B6, the amino acids go to methionice and when being broken down it makes HOMOCYSTINE which in high amounts can fuck your \<3 up. then vit b6 converts to cystine Found in meats in high amount. low amount in grains. is NOT enriched back in. too much= nerve damage too little= poor growth, skin lesions, shitty immune system **MICROCYTIC ANEMIA **

Answer 3

Folate deficiency large, immature RBCs Vitamin B12 deficeincy as well due to lack of Intrinsic factor. Pernicious anemia and Nerver damage folate and b12 are codependent

Answer 4

The only water soluble vitamin stored in body in high amounts (like 2 yrs) important for ATP production from fatty acids amino acid and protein metabolism HOMOCYSTINE to methionine conversion high homocystine linked to \<3 disease **Myelin coating of nerve cells** **NOT FOUND IN PLANTS** **found naturally only in animal products**

Answer 5

b12 needs HCl to denature. Intrinsic factor to bind to protein. distal ileum to absorb it 1. b12 bound to protein 2. in stomach, Hcl and pesin help release of b12 3. cells in stomach lining release ** I N T R I N S I C F A C T O R** 4. upper portion of small intestine (duodenum), IF bind to B12 5. in ileum, b12, IF complex binds to receptors and allows absoprtipon. 6. in colon, b12 is synth by mucroog but no absorbed over time, ability to absorb b12 declines due to decrease of stomach acid production. people over 50 years old. supplements are now needed

Answer 6

function: Coenzyme for Glucose synth metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids Sources: cooked eggs, liver, yogurt, nuts SYNTH BY GUT BACTERIA IN GI deficiency: nausea, thin hair, rash, depression, lethargy raw eggs have advin which binds to biotin and causes deficiency

Answer 7

Part of coenzyme A needed for carbs, fatty acids and amino acid break down mod of proteins synth of neurotransmitters sources: all around foods, hella in meat, eggs, whole grains

Answer 8

smokers need 35+ mg a day b/c smoking increased breakdown and elimination of vit c from da body

Answer 9

_Ascorbic acid_ functions: COLLAGEN SYNTH assists w/ snyth of hormones neurotransmitters carnitine Breaks down histamine Acts as antioxidant Regenerated Vit E Supports immune system Enchances IRON absoription in GI Deficiency= SCURCY causes nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea symptoms: swollen, bleeding gums, rash

Answer 10

provitaminA: precursor Retinoids= preformed vit A Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid Carotenoids- shit in carrots. Functions: Cell differentation EYE FUNCTION carotenoids may func as antioxidants _Preformed vit A= animals_ _Provitamin A= Plants_ hella preformed Vit A can cause Liver damage bone fracturing during preggo, can cause birth defects Provatim AL converts retinol when needed too much: hypercatonemia- orange hands risk for smokeers. increases risk of cancer Chronic vit A deficiency: XEROPTHALMIA. starts w/ night blindness. permanent damange to cornea #1 cause of preventable blindess in children. mostly in developing countires vit A difeiciency due to insufficient intake of vit A, fat, protein, and Zinc vit A metabolism linked w/ zinc. if zinc low, vit a deficincey will happen

Answer 11

SUNSHINE vitamin can be produced in skin by UV exposeure natural sources: liver, oily fish, egg yolk functions: nervex, muscles, glands, bones Vit D and PARATHYROID hromine regulate level of calcoum and phosphorus in foods stimulated intestinal absorption pulls calcium from bones VIT D ACTIVATED IN KIDNEYS may prevent cancer (breast, ovarian, colon, prostate) can reduce risk of \<3 disaese, autoimmune disease, diabetes more vitamin D as aging accours. reduced ability to absorb deficiency in children= rickets. in adults= osteomalacia

Answer 12

POWERFUL antioxidant Aphpa-tocopherol is most active form protects cell membranes prevents oxidation of LDL cholesterol reduces blood clotting when in large dose Is regenerated by Vit A so i can func as free radical sunflower oil, seeds, almonds **too much= Hemorrhage **

Answer 13

Klotting unique source: Synth by Intestinal bacteria \*biotin\* comes in 2 forms: Menaquionone (synth w/ biotin) and phylloquionone (found in plants) important to bone health BLOOD CLOTTING synth of 4 blood clotting factors sunflower oil, mustard greens, kiwi people on blod thinners need to have consitent vit k intake infants at risk cause they haz no immune systm.