Chapter 8 Flashcards
Nonsense syllable
Any of numerous letter combinations without meaning, used in learning experiments. Like bik, jik, Used to investigate memory and learning.
Ebbinghaus
Pioneered the expletive talk study of memory. Also known for discovery in forgetting curve and the spacing effect. First person to describe learning curve. Memorized nonsense syllables (constant-vowel-constant)
Savings
To measure how meth faded, ebbinghaus ovulated a “savings score”
Memorize a list
24 hours later test memory for items on list
If not perfect relearn
Spacing effect
Material is learned better material is distributed between practice sessions.
Practice is more effective when it is “spaced” than when it is “massed”
Recognition test
Subjects were shown possible spanish translations and were asked if they were accurate.
Permastore
Rapid initial forgetting followed by stable plateau.
Clustering
Subjects recall words in categories better than random words.
Chomsky
Challenged the associative analysis. He believed ideas are learned by remember the meaning of the words. The deep structure of the order.
Surface structure
Can be changed but meaning remains.
Information processing
Analyze thinking in terms of sequence of simple operations, like computer programs. Computers solve complex problems by performing one simple operation at a time.
Memory span
Is short unless we rehearse information and transfer to our long term memory.
Short term memory
Information initially stored in short term. Decays rapidly.
Long term memory
The longer it is held there the more likely it will be transferred to a long term store.
Rehearsal
Initial coding from sensory to short term memory is automatic. Information will decay to zero in twenty seconds unless we rehearse information and reorganize it in another code.
Primary effect
First part of list is remembered better than the middle part. We have longer time to rehearse the first part of the list.
