Chapter 8

Question 0

Spoils system

Answer 0

The firing of public officeholders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party

Question 1

Federal bureaucracy

Answer 1

The thousands of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs

Question 2

Patronage

Answer 2

Jobs grants or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support

Question 3

Merit system

Answer 3

A system of employment based on qualifications test scores and ability rather than party loyalty

Question 4

Pendleton act

Answer 4

Reform measure that established the principle of federal employment on the basis of open competitive exams and created the civil service commission

Question 5

Civil service system

Answer 5

The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected

Question 6

Independent regulatory commission

Answer 6

An entity by congress outside a major executive department

Question 7

Departments

Answer 7

Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in particular governmental function such as defense, commerce, or agriculture

Question 8

Independent executive agencies

Answer 8

Governmental units that closely resemble a cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and perform services rather than regulatory functions

Question 9

Government corporations

Answer 9

Businesses established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide

Question 10

Hatch act

Answer 10

The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. this act prohibited federal employees for making political contributions working for a particular party or campaigning for a particular candidate

Question 11

Implementation

Answer 11

The process by which a law or policy is put into operation

Question 12

Iron triangles

Answer 12

The relativity ironclad relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies interest groups and congressional committees or subcommittees

Question 13

Issue networks

Answer 13

The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas

Question 14

Inter-agency councils

Answer 14

Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policymaking and implementation across a host of governmental agencies

Question 15

Policy coordinating committees

Answer 15

Sub-cabinet level committees created to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems

Question 16

Administrative discretion

Answer 16

The ability of bureaucrats to make choices concerning the best way to implement congressional or executive intentions

Question 17

Rulemaking

Answer 17

A quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act

Question 18

Regulations

Answer 18

Rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law

Question 19

Administrative adjudication

Answer 19

A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties in a manner similar to the way courts resolve disputes