Chapter 5 Flashcards
13th amendment
One of the three Civil War amendments specifically bans slavery in the United States
Civil rights
The government Protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals
Black codes
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves passed by Southern states following the Civil War
14th amendment
One of the three Civil War amendments guarantees equal protection and due process of the law to all United States citizens
Equal protection clause
Section of the 14th amendment that guarantees all citizens receive equal protection of the laws
15th amendment
One of the three Civil War amendments specifically enfranchised newly freed male slaves
Jim Crow laws
Laws enacted by Southern states that required segregation in public schools theaters hotels and other public accommodations
Civil rights cases 1883
The name under five separate cases under the Supreme Court which said that segregation cannot be prohibited because such discrimination was private not state discrimination
Poll tax
A tax levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot
Grandfather clause
Voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those citizens who’s grandfathers had voted before reconstruction to vote if they passed a wealth or literacy test
Plessy Versus Ferguson
Separate but equal
Suffrage movement
The drive for voting rights for women that took place in the United States from 1890- 1920
19th amendment
Amendment to the constitution that guaranteed women the right to vote
Brown versus Board of Education
segregation was unconstitutional under 14 amendment
Civil rights act of 1964
Outlawed segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, education, and voting
De jure discrimination
Racial segregation that is a direct result of the law or official policy
De facto discrimination
Racial discrimination the results from practice rather than the law
Equal rights amendment
Proposed amendment to the Constitution that states “equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of sex”
Suspect classification
Category or class such as race that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny from the Supreme Court
Strict scrutiny
A heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenge practice
Equal pay act of 1963
Legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal pay for equal work
Title IX
Provision of the education amendments of 1972 the bars educational institutions that receive federal funds from discriminating against female students
Affirmative Action
Policies designed to give special attention or compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group
