Chapter 3

Question 0

Federation

Answer 0

Type of government in which the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of Independent states

Question 1

Federal system

Answer 1

System of government in which the national government and the state governments share power and derive all authority from the people

Question 2

Unitary system

Answer 2

System of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong national government

Question 3

Enumerated Powers

Answer 3

The powers of the national government specifically granted to Congress in article 1 section 8 of the Constitution

Question 4

Implied powers

Answer 4

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause

Question 5

10th amendment

Answer 5

The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principles of American federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

Question 6

Reserved Powers

Answer 6

Powers reserved to the states by the 10th amendment that lie at the foundation of a states right to legislate for the public health and welfare of its citizens

Question 7

Concurrent powers

Answer 7

Powers shared by the national and state governments

Question 8

Bill of attainder

Answer 8

A law declaring an act illegal without a judicial trial

Question 9

Ex post facto law

Answer 9

Law that makes an act punishable as a crime even if the action was legal at the time it was committed

Question 10

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 10

Section of article 4 of the Constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contract made in one state will be binding in enforceable in any other state

Question 11

Privileges and immunities clause

Answer 11

Part of article 4 of the Constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each State are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states

Question 12

Extradition clause

Answer 12

Part of article 4 of the Constitution that requires states to extradite or return criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial

Question 13

Interstate compacts

Answer 13

Contracts between states that carry the force of law generally now used as a tool for to address multistate policy concerns

Question 14

Dillion’s rule

Answer 14

A premise articulated by judge John F Dillion in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them

Question 15

Charter

Answer 15

A document that like a Constitution specifies the basic policies procedures and institutions of local government charters for local governments must be approved by state legislatures

Question 16

County

Answer 16

The basic administrative unit of the local government

Question 17

Municipality

Answer 17

City governments created in response to the emergency a relatively densely populated areas

Question 18

Special district

Answer 18

A local government that is restricted to a particular function

Question 19

McCulloch vs Maryland

Answer 19

The Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of the state to tax the federal bank using the constitution supremacy clause. The courts broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

Question 20

Gibbons vs Ogden

Answer 20

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce the courts broad interpretation of the Constitution commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

Question 21

Barron v Baltimore

Answer 21

The Supreme Court ruled that the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment did not apply to the actions of states this decision limited the bill of rights to the actions of Congress alone

Question 22

Dual federalism

Answer 22

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is best arrangement often referred to as layer cake federalism

Question 23

Nullification

Answer 23

The right of the state to declare void a federal law

Question 24

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Answer 24

The Supreme Court call concluded that the US Congress lacked the constitutional authority to bar slavery in the territories. This decision narrowed the scope of national power while it enhanced that of the states

Question 25

16th amendment

Answer 25

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorize Congress to enact a national income tax

Question 26

17th amendment

Answer 26

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that made senators directly elected by the people removing their selection from state legislatures

Question 27

Cooperative federalism

Answer 27

The intertwined relationship between the national state and local governments that began with the new deal often referred to as marble cake federalism

Question 28

New deal

Answer 28

The name given to the program of relief recovery and reform and began by Pres. Franklin D Roosevelt in late 1933 to bring the United States out of the Great Depression

Question 29

Categorical grant

Answer 29

Grant that appropriates federal funds to states for a specific purpose

Question 30

New Federalism

Answer 30

Federal-state relationship proposed by Reagan administration during the 1980s Hallmark is returning administrative powers to the state governments

Question 31

Block Grant

Answer 31

Large grant given to a state by the federal government with only general spending guidelines

Question 32

Programmatic request

Answer 32

Federal funds designated for special projects within a state or Congressional District

Question 33

Preemption

Answer 33

A concept that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain policy areas

Question 34

Progressive federalism

Answer 34

A pragmatic approach to federalism that views relations between national state governments as both coercive and cooperative