Chapter 8

Question 1

What is a check ligament? Why is it so named and how does it function?

Answer 1

• check ligaments provide passive support w/out expenditure of muscular effort
• checking=preventing dropping of fetlock

Question 2

Give expamples of check ligaments.

Answer 2

• Proximal:radial head of SDF m.; attaches to middle phalanx and prevents buckling forward of the digit by pulling back on the middle phalanx
• Distal.: extension of palmar carpal ligament: inserts on distal phalanx and counteracts its extension

Question 3

What are the main indication for check ligament desmotomy?

Answer 3

Indiations for desmotomy of distal check ligament include contracted tendons or laminitis

Question 4

For each forelimb structure, give a hind limb analog: long head of triceps m, brachiocephalicus m, cephalic v.

Answer 4

• Long head of triceps m= vastus medialis of quadriceps femoris
• Brachiocephalicus m. = middle gluteal m.
• Cephalic v. = medial saphenous v.

Question 5

Compare the carpal and tarsal canals w/ regard to structure and contents

Answer 5

-Carpal: canal formed via access. carpal bone laterally, other carpal bones dorsally and flex. retinac. on palmar side;
contains:
-tendons and synovial sheaths of S/DDF
-ulnar and median nerve
-arteries and veins

Question 6

Compare the carpal and tarsal canals w/ regard to structure and contents (2)

Answer 6

-Tarsal: canal formed by tarsal bones and flex. retinaculum
contains:
-tendon and sheath of LDF
-plantar branch of saphenous artery and vein
-medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 7

Compare the superficial digital flexor mm. of fore and hind limbs, actions, and check ligaments. Fore

Answer 7

Fore:

• SDF arises from medial epicon. of humerus, inserts on prox. end of middle phalanx and dist end of prox. phalanx
• extends carpus and digits
• Prox. check is the radial head of SDF, attaches to mid. phalnx to prev. buckling forward of digit

Question 8

Compare the superficial digital flexor mm. of fore and hind limbs, actions, and check ligaments.

Answer 8

Hind:

• attaches to femur deep to gastoroc, attaches superfic. to calcanean tuberosity, extends to plantar aspect of limb to middle phalange
• responsible for flexing the stifle and digits & extending tarsus
• no check ligs. are assoc. w/ SDF

Question 9

Differentiate between the interosseus tendon and ligament.

Answer 9

• inteross. ligament is between the olecranon and radius
• inteross. tendon is homologous to inteross. m. in dogs except it is mostly tenindous and plays a role in stay apparatus and locomotion

Question 10

Give the clinical name for the interosseus tendon.

Answer 10

Suspensory ligament

Question 11

Compare and contrast the lateral digital extensor tendons of fore and hind limbs.

Answer 11

• in the forelimb, the lateral digital extensor m. extends to proximal or middle phalanges
• the LDET in the hindlimb completely joins the long digital extensor m. tendon

Question 12

Compare and contrast the main digital extensor tendons of fore and hind limbs.

Answer 12

• in forelimb, the common digital extensor tendon extends to distal phalanges
• in hind limb, it is the long digital extensor that fulfills this role

Question 13

What is the name and location of the major artery of the fore and hind cannon regions?

Answer 13

• Medial Palmar A. in forelimb

- Dorsal Pedal A. in hind limb

Question 14

What is the lever type bone that projects out behind the carpus? What is it iin the tarsus?

Answer 14

• accessory carpal bone in the carpus

- tuber calcis bone in the tarsus

Question 15

What are the attachments of the interosseus tendon? Which can be palpated on the long pastern bone?

Answer 15

• Cannon bone and lateral sides of proximal sesamoid bones

- the extensor branch of the suspensory ligament is palpable

Question 16

What does the palmar carpal ligament give rise to?

Answer 16

Dorsal wall of the carpal canal continues on to becomes distal check ligament

Question 17

What are the three carpal joints and how much movement is in each?

Answer 17

1. Radiocarpal-considerable movement, more movement than intercarpal
2. Intercarpal-considerable movement
3. Carpometacarpal-virtually no movement

Question 18

Differentiate between the suspensory apparatus and the suspensory ligament.

Answer 18

• Suspensory apparatus: suspensory ligament plus distal sesamoidean ligaments, the three tendons form a passive support system for the fetlock
• Suspensory ligament: just one ligament

Question 19

What is the “break joint” and what is the significance of it in sheep production?

Answer 19

= Distal cannon bone physis

-if the physis is broken at the slaughter house the animal is considered to be a lamb

Question 20

There is considerable difference between fore and hind stay mechanisms. What parts are similar?

Answer 20

Suspensory apparatus