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Anatomy > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Ribs pairs in horses

A

18 (19)

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2
Q

Rib pairs in ruminants and dogs

A

13

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3
Q

rib pairs in pigs

A

15

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4
Q

rib pairs in humans and camelids

A

12

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5
Q

How does rib size relate to number?

A

More ribs means narrower ribs, which are more mobile.

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6
Q

How do ribs move in respiration?

A

Ribs move cranial/lateral with inspiration and caudal/medial during expiration

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7
Q

Compare the depth of the chest in dog, horse, ruminant

A

ruminants>horse>dog

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8
Q

Why the difference in chest depth?

A

Chest in deeper in herbivores to make possible a deeper abdominal cavity for more massive abdominal viscera needed to digest plant material and allow time for fermentation

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9
Q

Where do the intercostal veins drain to?

A

azygos vein

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10
Q

What side would you choose to correct a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)?

A

Right lateral recumbency (PDA would have to be accessed from left side)

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11
Q

The subsinuosal interventricular groove of the heart takes its name from what adjacent structure?

A

coronary sinus

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12
Q

The paraconal interventricular groove of the heart takes its name from what adjacent structure?

A

conus arteriosus

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13
Q

shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

A

ductus arteriosus

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14
Q

shunt that diverts blood away from the sinusoids and toward systemic veins

A

ductus venosus

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15
Q

origin of subsinusoidal artery in dog and ox

A

left coronary artery

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16
Q

origin of subsinusoidal artery in horse and pig

A

right coronary artery

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17
Q

Flaps of AV valves (how they are named)

A

Right AV valve: septal, parietal, angular cusps - Left AV valve: septal and parietal cusps

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18
Q

Drain into sinus venarum in dog

A

great and middle cardiac veins

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19
Q

smooth-walled area of right atrium where blood is received from vena cavae and coronary sinus

A

sinus venarum

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20
Q

junction between sinus venosus and heart in developing embryo

A

crista terminalis

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21
Q

What species would be best for myocardial sampling and what route?

A

swine because they have a left azygos vein only and it drains to the cardiac vein

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22
Q

define pluck

A

slaughterhouse term for thoracic viscera

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23
Q

define sweetbreads

A

thymus, sometimes pancreas

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24
Q

define brisket

A

enlarged cranial part of ox sternum; provides support during sternal recumbency

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25
Q

define withers

A

top of shoulder, highest part of thorax

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26
Q

define hilus

A

where vessels enter/exit lung

27
Q

define carina

A

where trachea bifurcates into bronchii

28
Q

define os cordis

A

bones caudal to aortic valve in ox

29
Q

Significance of line of pleural reflection

A

needle must be above this line to collect fluid from pleural cavity

30
Q

laryngeal hemiplagia (roaring) cause

A

left side is where the recurrent layrngeal nerve wraps around the base of the aorta. At this point it is exposed to the tracheobronchial lymphocenter. Inflammation of these nodes might damage the nerve

31
Q

vagal indigestion (cause)

A

caused by damage to vagus nerve, which can occur from caudal mediastinal lymph nodes

32
Q

the tracheal (apical) bronchus is characteristic of what species?

A

ruminants and pigs

33
Q

Is the tracheal (apical) bronchus a primary or secondary bronchus?

A

primary - branches off trachea

secondary - goes directly to lung lobe (right cranial)

34
Q

esophageal muscle in ruminants and dogs

A

striated all the way to stomach

35
Q

esophageal muscle in horse, cat, human

A

caudal to heart - transitions from striated to smooth

36
Q

Why does the thoracic cavity overlap the abdominal cavity?

A

allows for greater lung space

37
Q

What nerve originates with the brachial plexus but enters the thoracic cavity?

A

phrenic nerve

38
Q

structure of zebu hump

A

rhomboideus muscle

39
Q

structure of bison hump

A

high thoracic spines and rhomboideus muscle

40
Q

structure of camel humps

A

fat and fibrous tissue

41
Q

thoracic lymph nodes in carcass

A

intercostal, sternal, axillary

42
Q

thoracic lymph nodes in pluck

A

mediastinal, tracheobronchial

43
Q

What cervical lymph nodes are continuous with the cranial mediastinal lymph nodes?

A

deep cervical lymph nodes

44
Q

what does azygous mean?

A

single - not existing in pairs

45
Q

have right azygos vein only

A

dog, cat, horse, camelids

46
Q

right and left azygos veins, but left is larger

A

ruminants

47
Q

left azygos vein only

A

swine

48
Q

Relate how the ribs move in respiration to the “artificial respiration” and the gallop of the horse

A

In gallop, there is synchronization of respiration with gait

49
Q

Define mitral valve

A

bicuspid valve = left atrioventricular valve = mitral valve

50
Q

Define tricuspid valve

A

right atrioventricular valve = tricuspid valve

51
Q

Define semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic valves

52
Q

Define tracheal bronchus

A

branch off of trachea to right cranial lobe in ruminants and swine

53
Q

Define RAT

A

Right atrioventricular, tricuspid

54
Q

Define LAMB

A

Left atrioventricular, mitral, bicuspid

55
Q

If you had a choice as a veterinary surgeon of which side to put down in lateral recumbency, which side would you choose with regard to pulmonary function?

A

Left lateral recumbency would be best because the right lung has greater capacity and should not be compressed unless necessary

56
Q

Differentiate between atrium and auricle

A

atrium is main chamber for blood - auricles are extra storage

57
Q

Differentiate between pectinate and papillary muscles

A

pectinate muscles are in the atria and auricles for support - papillary muscles are in the ventricles to support the chordae tendinae

58
Q

Differentiate between ductus arteriosus and ductus venosus

A

Ductus arteriosus: connects pulmonary trunk and aorta in fetus
Ductus venosus: channel through fetal liver from umbilical vein to caudal vena cava

59
Q

How does the location of the subsinusoidal artery affect the relative size of the coronary artery

A

The left coronary artery would be bigger in dogs and ruminants
The right coronary artery would be bigger in horses and pigs

60
Q

How are the flaps of the AV valves named?

A

parietal cusp: attached to the parietal side of the heart

septal cusp: attached to the septal side of the heart

61
Q

What prevents prolapse of the parietal and septal cusps?

A

tension from the chordae tendinae

62
Q

What is the course of the azygous vein?

A

courses from abdomen into dorsal mediastinum, which returns blood from thorax to heart
-drain thoracic wall

63
Q

What is the course of the hemiazygous vein?

A

passes cranially around the root of the lung

- drains thoracic wall (intercostal veins)

64
Q

What equine structure resembles camel humps

A

nuchal fatty crest

Anatomy (13 decks)

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