Chapter 2 Flashcards

(64 cards)

1
Q

Ribs pairs in horses

A

18 (19)

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2
Q

Rib pairs in ruminants and dogs

A

13

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3
Q

rib pairs in pigs

A

15

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4
Q

rib pairs in humans and camelids

A

12

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5
Q

How does rib size relate to number?

A

More ribs means narrower ribs, which are more mobile.

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6
Q

How do ribs move in respiration?

A

Ribs move cranial/lateral with inspiration and caudal/medial during expiration

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7
Q

Compare the depth of the chest in dog, horse, ruminant

A

ruminants>horse>dog

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8
Q

Why the difference in chest depth?

A

Chest in deeper in herbivores to make possible a deeper abdominal cavity for more massive abdominal viscera needed to digest plant material and allow time for fermentation

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9
Q

Where do the intercostal veins drain to?

A

azygos vein

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10
Q

What side would you choose to correct a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)?

A

Right lateral recumbency (PDA would have to be accessed from left side)

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11
Q

The subsinuosal interventricular groove of the heart takes its name from what adjacent structure?

A

coronary sinus

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12
Q

The paraconal interventricular groove of the heart takes its name from what adjacent structure?

A

conus arteriosus

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13
Q

shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

A

ductus arteriosus

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14
Q

shunt that diverts blood away from the sinusoids and toward systemic veins

A

ductus venosus

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15
Q

origin of subsinusoidal artery in dog and ox

A

left coronary artery

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16
Q

origin of subsinusoidal artery in horse and pig

A

right coronary artery

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17
Q

Flaps of AV valves (how they are named)

A

Right AV valve: septal, parietal, angular cusps - Left AV valve: septal and parietal cusps

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18
Q

Drain into sinus venarum in dog

A

great and middle cardiac veins

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19
Q

smooth-walled area of right atrium where blood is received from vena cavae and coronary sinus

A

sinus venarum

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20
Q

junction between sinus venosus and heart in developing embryo

A

crista terminalis

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21
Q

What species would be best for myocardial sampling and what route?

A

swine because they have a left azygos vein only and it drains to the cardiac vein

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22
Q

define pluck

A

slaughterhouse term for thoracic viscera

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23
Q

define sweetbreads

A

thymus, sometimes pancreas

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24
Q

define brisket

A

enlarged cranial part of ox sternum; provides support during sternal recumbency

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25
define withers
top of shoulder, highest part of thorax
26
define hilus
where vessels enter/exit lung
27
define carina
where trachea bifurcates into bronchii
28
define os cordis
bones caudal to aortic valve in ox
29
Significance of line of pleural reflection
needle must be above this line to collect fluid from pleural cavity
30
laryngeal hemiplagia (roaring) cause
left side is where the recurrent layrngeal nerve wraps around the base of the aorta. At this point it is exposed to the tracheobronchial lymphocenter. Inflammation of these nodes might damage the nerve
31
vagal indigestion (cause)
caused by damage to vagus nerve, which can occur from caudal mediastinal lymph nodes
32
the tracheal (apical) bronchus is characteristic of what species?
ruminants and pigs
33
Is the tracheal (apical) bronchus a primary or secondary bronchus?
primary - branches off trachea | secondary - goes directly to lung lobe (right cranial)
34
esophageal muscle in ruminants and dogs
striated all the way to stomach
35
esophageal muscle in horse, cat, human
caudal to heart - transitions from striated to smooth
36
Why does the thoracic cavity overlap the abdominal cavity?
allows for greater lung space
37
What nerve originates with the brachial plexus but enters the thoracic cavity?
phrenic nerve
38
structure of zebu hump
rhomboideus muscle
39
structure of bison hump
high thoracic spines and rhomboideus muscle
40
structure of camel humps
fat and fibrous tissue
41
thoracic lymph nodes in carcass
intercostal, sternal, axillary
42
thoracic lymph nodes in pluck
mediastinal, tracheobronchial
43
What cervical lymph nodes are continuous with the cranial mediastinal lymph nodes?
deep cervical lymph nodes
44
what does azygous mean?
single - not existing in pairs
45
have right azygos vein only
dog, cat, horse, camelids
46
right and left azygos veins, but left is larger
ruminants
47
left azygos vein only
swine
48
Relate how the ribs move in respiration to the "artificial respiration" and the gallop of the horse
In gallop, there is synchronization of respiration with gait
49
Define mitral valve
bicuspid valve = left atrioventricular valve = mitral valve
50
Define tricuspid valve
right atrioventricular valve = tricuspid valve
51
Define semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic valves
52
Define tracheal bronchus
branch off of trachea to right cranial lobe in ruminants and swine
53
Define RAT
Right atrioventricular, tricuspid
54
Define LAMB
Left atrioventricular, mitral, bicuspid
55
If you had a choice as a veterinary surgeon of which side to put down in lateral recumbency, which side would you choose with regard to pulmonary function?
Left lateral recumbency would be best because the right lung has greater capacity and should not be compressed unless necessary
56
Differentiate between atrium and auricle
atrium is main chamber for blood - auricles are extra storage
57
Differentiate between pectinate and papillary muscles
pectinate muscles are in the atria and auricles for support - papillary muscles are in the ventricles to support the chordae tendinae
58
Differentiate between ductus arteriosus and ductus venosus
Ductus arteriosus: connects pulmonary trunk and aorta in fetus Ductus venosus: channel through fetal liver from umbilical vein to caudal vena cava
59
How does the location of the subsinusoidal artery affect the relative size of the coronary artery
The left coronary artery would be bigger in dogs and ruminants The right coronary artery would be bigger in horses and pigs
60
How are the flaps of the AV valves named?
parietal cusp: attached to the parietal side of the heart | septal cusp: attached to the septal side of the heart
61
What prevents prolapse of the parietal and septal cusps?
tension from the chordae tendinae
62
What is the course of the azygous vein?
courses from abdomen into dorsal mediastinum, which returns blood from thorax to heart -drain thoracic wall
63
What is the course of the hemiazygous vein?
passes cranially around the root of the lung | - drains thoracic wall (intercostal veins)
64
What equine structure resembles camel humps
nuchal fatty crest