Chapter 8

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee’s knowledge or skill that result from experience

Question 2

Decision Making

Answer 2

the process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem

Question 3

Expertise

Answer 3

the knowledge and skills that distinguish experts from novices and less experienced people

Question 4

Explicit Knowledge

Answer 4

info that’s relatively easily communicated and a large part of what companies teach during training sessions

Question 5

Tacit Knowledge

Answer 5

what employees typically learn only through experience

Question 6

Contingencies of Reinforcement

Answer 6

Positive & negative reinforcement

Punishment & extinction

Question 7

Positive reinforcement (most common)

Answer 7

occurs when positive outcomes follow a desired behavior. When employee receives some type of reward (increased pay, promotion, praise)

Question 8

Negative reinforcement

Answer 8

occurs when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior. (manager removes task b/c you perform well at another aspect of the job)

Question 9

Punishment

Answer 9

occurs when unwanted outcome follows unwanted behavior

Question 10

Extinction

Answer 10

occurs when there is the removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior

Question 11

Schedules of reinforcement

Answer 11

Continuous
Fixed Interval
Variable Interval
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio

Question 12

Continuous reinforcement

Answer 12

simplest schedule and happens when a specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior. Impractical (praise)

Question 13

Fixed Interval

Answer 13

single most common form of reinforcement. Workers rewarded after a certain amount of time; length of time between reinforcement periods stays the same. (paycheck)