Chapter 8 Flashcards
Motivation
psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-oriented behavior
Content Theories of Motivation
Identity internal factors influencing motivation
Process Theories of Motivation
Identify the process by which internal factors and cognitions influence motivation
Needs
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behaviors
Need Hierarchy Theory
Five basic needs- physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization- influence behavior
ERG Theory
Three basic needs- existence, relatedness, and growth- influence behavior
Need for Achievement
Desire to accomplish something difficult
Need for Affiliation
Desire to spend time in social relationships and activities
Need for Power
Desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve
Motivators
Job characteristics associated with job satisfaction
Hygiene Factors
Job characteristics associated with job dissatisfaction
Equity Theory
Holds that motivation is a function of fairness in social exchanges
Negative Inequity
Comparison in which another person receives greater outcomes for similar inputs
Positive Inequity
Comparison in which another person receives lesser outcomes for similar inputs
Equity Sensitivity
An individual’s tolerance for negative and positive equity
Distributive Justice
The perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed
Procedural Justice
The perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions
Interactional Justice
Extent to which people feel fairly treated when procedures are implemented
Expectancy Theory
Holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce valued outcomes
Expectancy
Belief that effort leads to a specific level of performance
Instrumentality
A performance outcome perception
Valence
The value of a reward outcome
Goal Specificity
Quantifiability of a goal
Action Plan
Activities or tasks to be accomplished to obtain a goal
Goal Commitment
Amount of a commitment to achieving a goal
Job Design
Changing the content or process of a specific job to increase job satisfaction and performance
Scientific Management
Using research and experimentation to find the most efficient way to perform a job
Job Enlargement
Putting more variety into a job
Job Rotation
Moving employees from one specialized job to another
Job Enrichment
Building achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement into a job
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation caused by positive internal feelings
Core Job dimensions
Job characteristics found to various degrees in all jobs
Repetitive Motion Disorders
Muscular disorders caused by repeated motions
