Chapter 8

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-oriented behavior

Question 2

Content Theories of Motivation

Answer 2

Identity internal factors influencing motivation

Question 3

Process Theories of Motivation

Answer 3

Identify the process by which internal factors and cognitions influence motivation

Question 4

Needs

Answer 4

Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behaviors

Question 5

Need Hierarchy Theory

Answer 5

Five basic needs- physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization- influence behavior

Question 6

ERG Theory

Answer 6

Three basic needs- existence, relatedness, and growth- influence behavior

Question 7

Need for Achievement

Answer 7

Desire to accomplish something difficult

Question 8

Need for Affiliation

Answer 8

Desire to spend time in social relationships and activities

Question 9

Need for Power

Answer 9

Desire to influence, coach, teach, or encourage others to achieve

Question 10

Motivators

Answer 10

Job characteristics associated with job satisfaction

Question 11

Hygiene Factors

Answer 11

Job characteristics associated with job dissatisfaction

Question 12

Equity Theory

Answer 12

Holds that motivation is a function of fairness in social exchanges

Question 13

Negative Inequity

Answer 13

Comparison in which another person receives greater outcomes for similar inputs

Question 14

Positive Inequity

Answer 14

Comparison in which another person receives lesser outcomes for similar inputs

Question 15

Equity Sensitivity

Answer 15

An individual’s tolerance for negative and positive equity

Question 16

Distributive Justice

Answer 16

The perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed

Question 17

Procedural Justice

Answer 17

The perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions

Question 18

Interactional Justice

Answer 18

Extent to which people feel fairly treated when procedures are implemented

Question 19

Expectancy Theory

Answer 19

Holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce valued outcomes

Question 20

Expectancy

Answer 20

Belief that effort leads to a specific level of performance

Question 21

Instrumentality

Answer 21

A performance outcome perception

Question 22

Valence

Answer 22

The value of a reward outcome

Question 23

Goal Specificity

Answer 23

Quantifiability of a goal

Question 24

Action Plan

Answer 24

Activities or tasks to be accomplished to obtain a goal

Question 25

Goal Commitment

Answer 25

Amount of a commitment to achieving a goal

Question 26

Job Design

Answer 26

Changing the content or process of a specific job to increase job satisfaction and performance

Question 27

Scientific Management

Answer 27

Using research and experimentation to find the most efficient way to perform a job

Question 28

Job Enlargement

Answer 28

Putting more variety into a job

Question 29

Job Rotation

Answer 29

Moving employees from one specialized job to another

Question 30

Job Enrichment

Answer 30

Building achievement, recognition, stimulating work, responsibility, and advancement into a job

Question 31

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 31

Motivation caused by positive internal feelings

Question 32

Core Job dimensions

Answer 32

Job characteristics found to various degrees in all jobs

Question 33

Repetitive Motion Disorders

Answer 33

Muscular disorders caused by repeated motions