Chapter 8 Flashcards
Chapter 8
How many states elected George Washington as president?
10…NY had election problems, NC and RI had not ratified Constitution to vote yet
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Who was George Washington’s Vice-President?
John Adams
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In what year was George Washington inaugurated as president?
1789
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What was George Washington’s role toward future presidents?
- created title, 2. used a Bible at inauguration, 3. 2 4-year terms
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What was the job of the State Department?
handle foreign relations
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Who was the first Secretary of State?
Thomas Jefferson
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What was the job of the Treasury Department?
handle financial matters
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Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury?
Alexander Hamilton
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What was the job of the War Department?
handle all military matters
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What was the job of the Justice Department?
handle all legal matters
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Who created the different cabinet positions?
Congress
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Who chose the members to fill the cabinet positions?
the President…approved by the Senate
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What was the Cabinet Controversy?
The controversy was over the ability of the President to replace a member of his Cabinet without Senate approval
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Who broke the tied vote over the Cabinet Controversy?
The head of the Senate
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Who is the Head of the Senate?
the Vice-President
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What was the outcome of the Cabinet Controversy?
The President CAN fire a member of his Cabinet without approval but CANNOT replace the person without Senate approval
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What were the Bill of Rights?
They were the “rights of the people”
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How many possible amendments did James Madison provide?
17
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How many of Madison’s amendments were approved?
12
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How many of Madison’s approved amendments became the Bill of Rights?
10
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What was one of the two amendments that did not pass about?
pass raises for Congress
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What happened to one of the amendments that did not get passed?
It became Amendment XXVII (27)
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What amendments are in the Bill of Rights?
Amendments I-X (1-10)
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What did Washington warn American about in his farewell address?
- dangers of political parties 2. entanglement in foreign affairs 3. allowing God to be removed from government
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What happened when Washington declined a 3rd term for presidency?
it set a precedent for future presidents (2 terms only)
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Pinckney’s Treaty was between what two countries?
US and Spain
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What did Pinckney’s Treaty do?
Gave US unrestricted access to Mississippi River and New Orleans, settled disputed boundary with West Florida
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What did the Treaty of Greenville do?
opened Ohio to American settlement
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What occurred at the Battle of Fallen Timbers?
Americans (led by Gen. Wayne) defeated the Native Americans…crushed Natives hope of keeping land
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How did the British respond to the problems between the Natives and the Americans?
They encouraged the Natives to attack the Americans
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What happened when Gen. St. Clair was sent to the NW Territory?
He was badly defeated by the Miami Indians
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What was a challenge in the western US?
natives west of the Appalachians did not recognize American authority…people continued to move west
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What was the lesson learned from the Whiskey Rebellion?
people must use peace to change laws, government will use force to maintain order
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What was the result of Washington and his troops against the mob?
the rebellion was crushed after crossing the Appalachian Mts.
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Who led the troops to end the Whiskey Rebellion?
Washington
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What happened during the the Whiskey Rebellion?
a mob attacked tax collectors and burned down buildings
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Why were farmers upset about the whiskey tax?
they lived by bartering and couldn’t pay the tax (no money)
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Who was upset about Hamilton’s whiskey tax?
farmers in western Pennsylvania
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Who opposed Hamilton’s tax on whiskey? Why?
Jefferson and Madison because becoming a national government with strong economic powers
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What was Hamilton’s proposal on taxes?
wanted a tax to be applied to distilled whiskey
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Who agreed with Hamilton’s national bank plan?
Washington…signed the bill to create national bank
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Why did Jefferson and Madison oppose the national bank plan?
they said it was unconstitutional
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Who opposed Hamilton’s national bank plan?
Jefferson and Madison
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What was Hamilton’s second proposal?
a national bank
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What was the compromise that was made to get the South to agree with Hamilton’s plan?
the capital was moved south to Washington D.C.
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Why did the Southern states oppose Hamilton’s bond plan?
- they had less debt than the North 2. they feared they would have to pay more than their share
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Who opposed Hamilton’s plan for bonds?
the Southern states
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What did opponents of Hamilton’s plan believe?
the speculators would become rich
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What did Hamilton propose regarding bonds?
proposed to pay off bonds at the original value
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speculators
people who risk money in order to make a larger profit
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What happened to many of the original bond owners?
they sold their bonds for less than the original value
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What is promised to a person who buys bonds?
The government promises to repay the money in a certain length of time with interest
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bonds
paper notes sold by the government
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What did Congress decide to do based upon Hamilton’s debt proposal?
Congress agrees to pay off debts to other nations but NOT to individual citizens
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What did Alexander Hamilton propose regarding the debt?
He said America should pay off its large debt to foreign countries and American citizens.
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What is stated in Amendment I?
freedom of speech
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What is stated in Amendment XII?
election of President and Vice President
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What is stated in Amendment XIII?
abolition of slavery
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What is stated in Amendment XV?
the right to vote-government can’t deny a person’s right to vote no matter what their race
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What is stated in Amendment XVII?
prohibition of alcoholic beverages
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What is stated in Amendment XIX?
women’s right to vote
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What is stated in Amendment XX?
lame duck-sets the inauguration date and time for incoming President to January 20 at noon
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What is stated in Amendment XXI?
repeals prohibition of alcohol…you can drink alcohol (age 21)
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What is stated in Amendment XXII?
limits President term to 2 limits
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What is stated in Amendment XXVII?
one of the original amendments suggested by James Madison…that was not originally passed in 1789
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What were the two political parties that emerged in 1796?
Federalists and Democratic-Republicans
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Who were the heads of the Federalist political party?
Hamilton and Adams
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Who were the heads of the Democratic-Republican party?
Jefferson and Madison
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Which political party did Washington belong to?
neither one
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How was the Federalist party first described?
as people who supported the ratification of the Constitution
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What were the Federalists known for supporting?
any policies supported by President Washington
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In what area of the United States did Federalists live?
mostly in New England
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What were some of the beliefs supported by the Federalists?
- rule by wealth 2. strong national government 3. emphasis on manufacturing, shipping and banking
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How did the Federalists feel about the Constitution?
They believed it implied power due to loose interpretation
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How did the Federalists feel about Britain and France?
They saw Britain as stable…and were rather anti-French
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In what area of the United States did most Democratic-Republicans live?
in the south
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What are some of the beliefs supported by the Democratic-Republican party?
- rule by common people 2. federal strong central government 3. strong state government 4. emphasis on agriculture 5. strict interpretation of the Constitution
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How did the Democratic-Republicans view Britain and France?
they supported France and were anti-British (against Britain)
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Who did the Democratic-Republicans think should control banks?
states should control banks
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Who did the Federalists choose as their candidates for President/Vice President in 1796?
John Adams for President, Charles Pinckney for Vice President
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Who did the Republicans choose as their candidates for President/Vice President in 1796?
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
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How close were the results for the Presidential election in 1796?
Adams won by just 3 votes
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What were the results from the 1796 Presidential election?
Adam became President, Jefferson became Vice President
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What was special about the 1796 Presidential election results?
It was the only time in history that the president and vice president were from different political parties
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What caused France to seize American ships?
Jay’s Treaty
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How did the French view Jay’s Treaty?
They saw it as an American attempt to help the British against the French.
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Why did Adams send a delegation to France?
to try to avoid war after the French seized American ships
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What happened when the American delegation arrived in France?
The French foreign minister (Charles de Talleyrand) refused to meet with them
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What did the French do to try to begin the negotiation process to end the problems between France and America?
3 French agents asked for a bribe
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What did the American delegates do when they were asked for a bribe?
they refused to give a bribe
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How did the XYZ Affair get its name?
It was named after the 3 French agents who asked for the bribe
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What did President Adams do in response to the request for a bribe?
He asked Congress to go to war against the French
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What did America do to prepare for the war with France?
- established a navy 2. increased the army
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Who was named the commander of the army for the war against France?
George Washington (he was 66 years old!)
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How long did the war against France last?
2 years
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Where did all of the battles for the war against France occur?
at sea
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How did the war against France effect Republicans?
many of them lost in their elections since Republicans were known for supporting France
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Who wanted the war against France to become greater?
the Federalists
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What did President Adams say to the Federalists who wanted the war against France to become greater?
He refused to increase the war because it was not in the best interest of the country
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What stopped France from attacking American ships?
a treaty that was signed in 1800 between France and the US
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How did the treaty that ended the French and American war affect President Adams and the US?
it hurt Adams politically but helped our country
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Who won in the election of 1800?
Jefferson because Hamilton and other Federalists refused to support Adams’ re-election
