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7th Grade Social Studies > Chapter 3 Notes > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the names of the 4 middle colonies?

A

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

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2
Q

Who was fighting during the English Civil War?

A

Puritan Parliament vs. King Charles I

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3
Q

What happened to King Charles I?

A

He was beheaded?

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4
Q

Why was the English Civil War important to the Colonies?

A
  1. No new English colonies were established during this time. 2. People who were loyal to the King left England for the colonies
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5
Q

What occurred during Restoration?

A

Monarchy was restored

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6
Q

Who became the King during the Restoration?

A

King Charles II

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7
Q

Why was the Restoration called this?

A

King Charles II restored the monarchy

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8
Q

Who originally owned the colony of New York?

A

The Dutch….Dutch West India Company

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9
Q

What was the colony of New York first called?

A

New Amsterdam

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10
Q

Who bought Manhattan and for how much?

A

Peter Minuit for $24 in beads

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11
Q

Why was Manhattan an important area to own?

A

it became an important shipping center

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12
Q

Who was the governor of New Netherlands when it was attacked by England?

A

Peter Stuyvesant

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13
Q

What are something Pete Stuyvesant was known for?

A
  1. being a strict ruler, 2. raising taxes, 3. many people were against him
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14
Q

What happened when England attacked New Netherlands?

A

The Dutch gave up without a fight

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15
Q

What happened to New Netherlands after it was taken over by England.

A

It was given to King Charles II’s brother, the Duke of York and became a proprietary colony

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16
Q

What is a proprietary colony?

A

A colony in which the owner owned all the land and controlled the government

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17
Q

Where did most of New York’s settlers live?

A

In the Hudson River Valley

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18
Q

What brought diversity to the area of New York?

A

promises of religious freedom

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19
Q

What was one of the fastest growing areas in New York?

A

New York City…12,000 residents by 1683

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20
Q

What other state was originally part of New York?

A

New Jersey

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21
Q

Where did New Jersey get its name?

A

It was named for the Island of Jersey in the English Channel

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22
Q

Why did people move to New Jersey?

A
  1. promised land and religious freedom, 2. promised representatives in government and trial by jury
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23
Q

Since New Jersey was not profitable, what happened?

A

It became a royal colony that was owned by the King

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24
Q

To whom did King Charles given Pennsylvania?

A

William Penn

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25
Q

What was the Society of Friends

A

a group of pacifists that did not believe in war

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26
Q

What was the nickname of Philadelphia?

A

the City of Brotherly Love

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27
Q

What was Philadelphia known for?

A

tolerance and equality for all

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28
Q

How did Penn get people to move to Pennsylvania?

A

He distributed pamphlets

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29
Q

How was Delaware created?

A

It was the 3 lower counties in Pennsylvania

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30
Q

Why was the area of Delaware given to Penn?

A

Pennsylvania had not coastline

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31
Q

Why did Spain and England become rivals?

A
  1. religion, 2. trading issues
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32
Q

For which country did Sir Francis Drake explore?

A

England

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33
Q

Whose ships did Drake attack?

A

Spain’s ships

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34
Q

What special honor did Drake receive?

A

He became knighted by Queen Elizabeth I

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35
Q

Why did Drake receive his special honor?

A

He became the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe

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36
Q

War began in 1588 between what two countries?

A

England and Spain

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37
Q

What caused the war in 1588?

A

King Philip II sent the Spanish Armada to attack England

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38
Q

Why did King Philip II send an armada to attack England?

A

to try to reinstall a Catholic monarch

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39
Q

Compare the English ships to the Spanish Armada

A

the English ships were smaller and faster-could out maneuver the Spanish

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40
Q

How did the Spanish Armada react to the English ships?

A

They retreated to Scotland and regrouped

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41
Q

What happened to the Spanish fleet of ships?

A

Half of them were destroyed in a huge storm

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42
Q

Why did it matter that Spain lost the war?

A
  1. It ended Spain’s dominance over England 2. Allowed England to rise to power, 3. England started settlements in the new world
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43
Q

What happened during England’s second attempt to settle in North America?

A

The settlement of Roanoke disappeared

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44
Q

Who lead England’s first attempted settlement in North America?

A

Sir Humphrey Gilbert

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45
Q

Why did Gilbert not make a settlement in North America?

A

He never found a good place to make a settlement

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46
Q

What happened to all of the men who went with Gilbert and Raleigh to settle in North America?

A

They returned home

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47
Q

Who led the second English attempt to settle in North America?

A

John White

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48
Q

Who was Virgina Dare?

A

The first English child born in North America

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49
Q

Why did John White leave the settlement in North America?

A

He returned to England to get supplies

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50
Q

How long was White back in England and why was he there that long?

A

He was there for 3 years because of the war with Spain

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51
Q

What does Croatoan mean?

A

Lost colony

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52
Q

What was the name of the first permanent English settlement in North America?

A

Jamestown …settled in 1607

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53
Q

Where was Jamestown located?

A

the fort was built on the James River

54
Q

What are 5 reasons it was difficult at first in Jamestown?

A
  1. land was swampy, 2. water was contaminated, 3. no good farmland, 4. malaria, 5. settlers were too lazy
55
Q

What was the common store system used in Jamestown?

A

all food was placed in a common store house

56
Q

What did the settlers in Jamestown do instead of growing food?

A

look for gold

57
Q

What was John Smith’s rule that saved the colony of Jamestown?

A

anyone who would not work would not neat Thessalonians 3:10

58
Q

Who replaced Smith to rule Jamestown?

A

Lord De La Warr

59
Q

What did the people think of Lord De La Warr?

A

He was a strict ruler

60
Q

Why did settlers stay inside the fort at Jamestown?

A

The Native Americans were attacking

61
Q

How were conditions under Lord De La Warr’s rule?

A

severe drought, starving, only 60 out of 300 people lived

62
Q

What caused the settlers to not leave Jamestown?

A

a supply ship arrived

63
Q

What did John Rolfe introduce to the colony?

A

a less bitter type of tobacco

64
Q

What caused Jamestown to begin to prosper?

A

the tobacco introduced by Rolfe

65
Q

Who did Rolfe marry?

A

Pocahontas

66
Q

What was special about Pocahontas?

A

Her father was Chief Pohatan

67
Q

What happened to Pocahontas after she married Rolfe?

A
  1. became a Christian, 2. changed her name to Rebecca, 3. moved to England, 4. died at age 22
68
Q

What was the name of the first government in Virginia?

A

House of Burgesses

69
Q

Who made up the House of Burgesses?

A

2 representatives from each town

70
Q

What was the name of the first representative government in America?

A

House of Burgesses

71
Q

What was special about the House of Burgesses?

A

it set precedent for later government

72
Q

Name the 4 New England colonies

A

Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire

73
Q

What was another name for the Anglican Church?

A

The Church of England

74
Q

Who was the head of the Anglican Church?

A

The King of England

75
Q

Who did the English Catholics believe was the head of the Catholic Church?

A

the Pope

76
Q

Who were the Puritans?

A

Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church

77
Q

Who were the Separatists?

A

Protestants who wanted to leave and set up their own church

78
Q

Where did the Separatists travel to start their own church and how did they get there?

A

They traveled to America aboard the Mayflower

79
Q

Who were the majority of people on the Mayflower?

A

Strangers

80
Q

Who were the Strangers?

A

servants, poor farmers

81
Q

Where was the Mayflower headed and why did it not arrive there?

A

Virginia…a storm set it off course

82
Q

Where did the Mayflower land?

A

in Massachusetts…Plymouth

83
Q

Why did the Pilgrims call this new area Plymouth?

A

That was the city in England from where they left

84
Q

Since Plymouth was not covered under Virginia’s laws, what did they do to create laws?

A

created the Mayflower Compact

85
Q

What did the Mayflower Compact say?

A

They were to be loyal to England and promised to obey the laws for the general good of the colony

86
Q

What did Squanto and Samoset do for the Pilgrims?

A

They taught them how to plant corn, beans, and pumpkins and how to hunt and fish

87
Q

Who was the author of the first American history book?

A

William Bradford

88
Q

What was the name of William Bradford’s book?

A

History of Plymouth Plantation

89
Q

What did King Charles I do that upset people?

A

He was persecuting Puritans

90
Q

What was the name of the land ownership company in Massachusetts?

A

The Massachusetts Bay Company

91
Q

What was the name of the first college in America?

A

Harvard

92
Q

Why was Connecticut founded?

A

People were unhappy with the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts

93
Q

What was the name of the first written constitution in America?

A

The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

94
Q

Why was Rhode Island settled?

A

colonists were forced out of Massachusetts

95
Q

What was special about Rhode Island?

A

it was the first colony to allow religious freedom

96
Q

Where was the first Baptist church located in America?

A

Rhode Island

97
Q

Name the 5 Southern Colonies

A

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

98
Q

Who settled Maryland?

A

Sir George Calvert

99
Q

What was Sir George Calvert’s nickname?

A

Lord Baltimore

100
Q

Why did Calvert settle Maryland?

A

he wanted a colony for Catholics who were being persecuted

101
Q

What happened to Calvert before he received his land grant from the King?

A

He died…land went to his son Celilius Calvert…who never lived there

102
Q

What was the name of the first settlement in Maryland?

A

Baltimore

103
Q

What 2 crops did Maryland grow to earn money?

A

tobacco and corn

104
Q

What did Lord Baltimore do for his friends?

A

He gave large estates to wealthy friends…brought wealth and power to them

105
Q

What settled the border dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland?

A

Mason and Dixon (astronomer and surveyor) spent 5 years laying out boundary stones between colonies

106
Q

What is the Mason Dixon Line?

A

An imaginary line that separates the North from the South…made of blocks of limestone

107
Q

What did the government of Virginia forbid its settlers to do?

A

They forbade movement into Native America territory

108
Q

What was Nathaniel Bacon known for?

A

leading a raid on the Native villages

109
Q

What caused the separation of Virginia into Western Virginia and Eastern Virginia?

A

People were upset by Bacon’s raid

110
Q

What happened as a result of Bacon’s raid?

A
  1. Jamestown was burned down, 2. Governor Berkeley is run out of town
111
Q

What happened when Bacon died?

A

British troops restored order to Virginia

112
Q

What was important about the British troops restoring Virginia after Bacon died?

A

showed that settlers would not be restricted to the coast

113
Q

Who was the colony of Carolina named after?

A

King Charles II

114
Q

Why was Carolina split into two colonies?

A

economic differences

115
Q

What crops did North Carolina depend upon?

A

tobacco and forest products…no good port…relied upon Virginia

116
Q

What crops did South Carolina depend upon?

A

rice and indigo

117
Q

Which part of Carolina became more prosperous and why?

A

The southern part…fertile farmland and access to ports

118
Q

How much of Carolina was made up of slaves?

A

more than 1/2 of the residents

119
Q

Who was Georgia named after?

A

King George II

120
Q

Who founded Georgia?

A

James Oglethorpe

121
Q

Why was Georgia founded?

A

wanted a colony for debtors to get a new start

122
Q

What did people think of Oglethorpe and why?

A

He was very opinionated…wanted hardworking, independent Protestants to live there

123
Q

What 3 things were outlawed in Georgia?

A
  1. slaves, 2. rum, 3. Catholics
124
Q

What happened to Georgia when Oglethorpe gave up?

A

It became a Royal colony

125
Q

Why was Georgia called a “buffer colony”?

A

It protected the other colonies from Spanish in Florida

126
Q

What was the focus of France in settling North America?

A

focus on trading fish and fur…NOT on establishing settlements

127
Q

Who were Joliet and Marquette?

A

French who explored the Mississippi River…looking for gold

128
Q

What was special about the Mississippi River?

A

empties into the Gulf of Mexico

129
Q

Who were Cavelier and de La Salle?

A

French men who explored the Mississippi River and claimed it for France…founded New Orleans

130
Q

Why did the French have better relationships with the Native Americans than the English did?

A

the French did not try to take the Native American land

7th Grade Social Studies (5 decks)

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