Chapter 3 Notes Flashcards
What are the names of the 4 middle colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Who was fighting during the English Civil War?
Puritan Parliament vs. King Charles I
What happened to King Charles I?
He was beheaded?
Why was the English Civil War important to the Colonies?
- No new English colonies were established during this time. 2. People who were loyal to the King left England for the colonies
What occurred during Restoration?
Monarchy was restored
Who became the King during the Restoration?
King Charles II
Why was the Restoration called this?
King Charles II restored the monarchy
Who originally owned the colony of New York?
The Dutch….Dutch West India Company
What was the colony of New York first called?
New Amsterdam
Who bought Manhattan and for how much?
Peter Minuit for $24 in beads
Why was Manhattan an important area to own?
it became an important shipping center
Who was the governor of New Netherlands when it was attacked by England?
Peter Stuyvesant
What are something Pete Stuyvesant was known for?
- being a strict ruler, 2. raising taxes, 3. many people were against him
What happened when England attacked New Netherlands?
The Dutch gave up without a fight
What happened to New Netherlands after it was taken over by England.
It was given to King Charles II’s brother, the Duke of York and became a proprietary colony
What is a proprietary colony?
A colony in which the owner owned all the land and controlled the government
Where did most of New York’s settlers live?
In the Hudson River Valley
What brought diversity to the area of New York?
promises of religious freedom
What was one of the fastest growing areas in New York?
New York City…12,000 residents by 1683
What other state was originally part of New York?
New Jersey
Where did New Jersey get its name?
It was named for the Island of Jersey in the English Channel
Why did people move to New Jersey?
- promised land and religious freedom, 2. promised representatives in government and trial by jury
Since New Jersey was not profitable, what happened?
It became a royal colony that was owned by the King
To whom did King Charles given Pennsylvania?
William Penn
What was the Society of Friends
a group of pacifists that did not believe in war
What was the nickname of Philadelphia?
the City of Brotherly Love
What was Philadelphia known for?
tolerance and equality for all
How did Penn get people to move to Pennsylvania?
He distributed pamphlets
How was Delaware created?
It was the 3 lower counties in Pennsylvania
Why was the area of Delaware given to Penn?
Pennsylvania had not coastline
Why did Spain and England become rivals?
- religion, 2. trading issues
For which country did Sir Francis Drake explore?
England
Whose ships did Drake attack?
Spain’s ships
What special honor did Drake receive?
He became knighted by Queen Elizabeth I
Why did Drake receive his special honor?
He became the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe
War began in 1588 between what two countries?
England and Spain
What caused the war in 1588?
King Philip II sent the Spanish Armada to attack England
Why did King Philip II send an armada to attack England?
to try to reinstall a Catholic monarch
Compare the English ships to the Spanish Armada
the English ships were smaller and faster-could out maneuver the Spanish
How did the Spanish Armada react to the English ships?
They retreated to Scotland and regrouped
What happened to the Spanish fleet of ships?
Half of them were destroyed in a huge storm
Why did it matter that Spain lost the war?
- It ended Spain’s dominance over England 2. Allowed England to rise to power, 3. England started settlements in the new world
What happened during England’s second attempt to settle in North America?
The settlement of Roanoke disappeared
Who lead England’s first attempted settlement in North America?
Sir Humphrey Gilbert
Why did Gilbert not make a settlement in North America?
He never found a good place to make a settlement
What happened to all of the men who went with Gilbert and Raleigh to settle in North America?
They returned home
Who led the second English attempt to settle in North America?
John White
Who was Virgina Dare?
The first English child born in North America
Why did John White leave the settlement in North America?
He returned to England to get supplies
How long was White back in England and why was he there that long?
He was there for 3 years because of the war with Spain
What does Croatoan mean?
Lost colony
What was the name of the first permanent English settlement in North America?
Jamestown …settled in 1607
Where was Jamestown located?
the fort was built on the James River
What are 5 reasons it was difficult at first in Jamestown?
- land was swampy, 2. water was contaminated, 3. no good farmland, 4. malaria, 5. settlers were too lazy
What was the common store system used in Jamestown?
all food was placed in a common store house
What did the settlers in Jamestown do instead of growing food?
look for gold
What was John Smith’s rule that saved the colony of Jamestown?
anyone who would not work would not neat Thessalonians 3:10
Who replaced Smith to rule Jamestown?
Lord De La Warr
What did the people think of Lord De La Warr?
He was a strict ruler
Why did settlers stay inside the fort at Jamestown?
The Native Americans were attacking
How were conditions under Lord De La Warr’s rule?
severe drought, starving, only 60 out of 300 people lived
What caused the settlers to not leave Jamestown?
a supply ship arrived
What did John Rolfe introduce to the colony?
a less bitter type of tobacco
What caused Jamestown to begin to prosper?
the tobacco introduced by Rolfe
Who did Rolfe marry?
Pocahontas
What was special about Pocahontas?
Her father was Chief Pohatan
What happened to Pocahontas after she married Rolfe?
- became a Christian, 2. changed her name to Rebecca, 3. moved to England, 4. died at age 22
What was the name of the first government in Virginia?
House of Burgesses
Who made up the House of Burgesses?
2 representatives from each town
What was the name of the first representative government in America?
House of Burgesses
What was special about the House of Burgesses?
it set precedent for later government
Name the 4 New England colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
What was another name for the Anglican Church?
The Church of England
Who was the head of the Anglican Church?
The King of England
Who did the English Catholics believe was the head of the Catholic Church?
the Pope
Who were the Puritans?
Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church
Who were the Separatists?
Protestants who wanted to leave and set up their own church
Where did the Separatists travel to start their own church and how did they get there?
They traveled to America aboard the Mayflower
Who were the majority of people on the Mayflower?
Strangers
Who were the Strangers?
servants, poor farmers
Where was the Mayflower headed and why did it not arrive there?
Virginia…a storm set it off course
Where did the Mayflower land?
in Massachusetts…Plymouth
Why did the Pilgrims call this new area Plymouth?
That was the city in England from where they left
Since Plymouth was not covered under Virginia’s laws, what did they do to create laws?
created the Mayflower Compact
What did the Mayflower Compact say?
They were to be loyal to England and promised to obey the laws for the general good of the colony
What did Squanto and Samoset do for the Pilgrims?
They taught them how to plant corn, beans, and pumpkins and how to hunt and fish
Who was the author of the first American history book?
William Bradford
What was the name of William Bradford’s book?
History of Plymouth Plantation
What did King Charles I do that upset people?
He was persecuting Puritans
What was the name of the land ownership company in Massachusetts?
The Massachusetts Bay Company
What was the name of the first college in America?
Harvard
Why was Connecticut founded?
People were unhappy with the Puritan leaders in Massachusetts
What was the name of the first written constitution in America?
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Why was Rhode Island settled?
colonists were forced out of Massachusetts
What was special about Rhode Island?
it was the first colony to allow religious freedom
Where was the first Baptist church located in America?
Rhode Island
Name the 5 Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
Who settled Maryland?
Sir George Calvert
What was Sir George Calvert’s nickname?
Lord Baltimore
Why did Calvert settle Maryland?
he wanted a colony for Catholics who were being persecuted
What happened to Calvert before he received his land grant from the King?
He died…land went to his son Celilius Calvert…who never lived there
What was the name of the first settlement in Maryland?
Baltimore
What 2 crops did Maryland grow to earn money?
tobacco and corn
What did Lord Baltimore do for his friends?
He gave large estates to wealthy friends…brought wealth and power to them
What settled the border dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland?
Mason and Dixon (astronomer and surveyor) spent 5 years laying out boundary stones between colonies
What is the Mason Dixon Line?
An imaginary line that separates the North from the South…made of blocks of limestone
What did the government of Virginia forbid its settlers to do?
They forbade movement into Native America territory
What was Nathaniel Bacon known for?
leading a raid on the Native villages
What caused the separation of Virginia into Western Virginia and Eastern Virginia?
People were upset by Bacon’s raid
What happened as a result of Bacon’s raid?
- Jamestown was burned down, 2. Governor Berkeley is run out of town
What happened when Bacon died?
British troops restored order to Virginia
What was important about the British troops restoring Virginia after Bacon died?
showed that settlers would not be restricted to the coast
Who was the colony of Carolina named after?
King Charles II
Why was Carolina split into two colonies?
economic differences
What crops did North Carolina depend upon?
tobacco and forest products…no good port…relied upon Virginia
What crops did South Carolina depend upon?
rice and indigo
Which part of Carolina became more prosperous and why?
The southern part…fertile farmland and access to ports
How much of Carolina was made up of slaves?
more than 1/2 of the residents
Who was Georgia named after?
King George II
Who founded Georgia?
James Oglethorpe
Why was Georgia founded?
wanted a colony for debtors to get a new start
What did people think of Oglethorpe and why?
He was very opinionated…wanted hardworking, independent Protestants to live there
What 3 things were outlawed in Georgia?
- slaves, 2. rum, 3. Catholics
What happened to Georgia when Oglethorpe gave up?
It became a Royal colony
Why was Georgia called a “buffer colony”?
It protected the other colonies from Spanish in Florida
What was the focus of France in settling North America?
focus on trading fish and fur…NOT on establishing settlements
Who were Joliet and Marquette?
French who explored the Mississippi River…looking for gold
What was special about the Mississippi River?
empties into the Gulf of Mexico
Who were Cavelier and de La Salle?
French men who explored the Mississippi River and claimed it for France…founded New Orleans
Why did the French have better relationships with the Native Americans than the English did?
the French did not try to take the Native American land
