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7th Grade Social Studies > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What caused Parliament to force James II out of power?

A

King James II tried to take back the power that Parliament gained after the English Civil War

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2
Q

Who was given the throne when King James II was forced out of power?

A

William and Mary

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3
Q

What was the effect of King James II’s dethroning?

A

The Glorious Revolution

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4
Q

What was the result of the Glorious Revolution?

A

The Parliament was given more power than the King.

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5
Q

What did the English Bill of Rights say?

A

Certain rights were guaranteed to the people

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6
Q

How did England view the colonies?

A

They viewed the colonies as an economic resource.

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7
Q

What is one raw material the colonies provided to England?

A

lumber

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8
Q

What did England do with the raw materials they received from the colonies?

A

They sold these to other nations.

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9
Q

What is the Navigation Act?

A

Law that limited the colonists’ rights to trade

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10
Q

How did the colonists first feel about the Navigation Act?

A

They accepted it because they were guaranteed a placed to sell raw materials.

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11
Q

What did the colonists eventually do because of the unfair restrictions of Navigation Act?

A

They would smuggle good to other countries for more money.

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12
Q

export

A

to send goods to another country

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13
Q

import

A

to buy goods that were made in another country

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14
Q

mercantilism

A

economic theory

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15
Q

smuggling

A

to trade illegally

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16
Q

Describe the population increase from 1700-1775.

A

it increased from 250,000 to 2.5 million

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17
Q

What are 2 reasons the population increased.

A
  1. immigration 2. women married young and had lots of children
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18
Q

What was the organization of a New England town?

A
  1. small farms were on the outskirts of town, 2. meeting house in the middle of town, 3. houses, small businesses
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19
Q

What was the main economic activity in the colonies?

A

farming

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20
Q

Why were farms in New England smaller than in the South?

A
  1. long winters, 2. thin, rocky soil, 3. hard to plant
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21
Q

What were New England’s main activities for men?

A

small businesses, items to sell, made weapons, built ships, and fished

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22
Q

What were New England’s main activities for women?

A

making garments, candles, and soap

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23
Q

Explain why ship building was an important industry in the New England colonies.

A

lumber needed to be transported down river to the ship yards

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24
Q

Who did New England farmers rely on for labor?

A

their children

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25
Q

What was triangular trade?

A

trade routes that form a triangle

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26
Q

What was the Middle Passage?

A

the trade route in which inslaved Africans were transported from Africa to the West Indes

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27
Q

What were the two largest colonial cities?

A

Philadelphia and New York City

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28
Q

Why were the largest cities so large?

A

They were near port cities

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29
Q

What did the diversity of the Middle Colonies lead to?

A

it lead to less racism by creating tolerance for different cultures

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30
Q

Why wasn’t there much industry in the South?

A

they had fertile land which allowed farming

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31
Q

Describe the layout of a plantation

A

large farm: big house, big garden, blacksmith, sick house, slave quarters

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32
Q

What were the slave codes?

A

Strict rules that govern slaves, that punish and restrict slaves

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33
Q

What was illegal to teach slaves to do?

A

read and write

34
Q

What often happened to families of enslaved Africans?

A

the families were separated

35
Q

What were some groups that were against slavery?

A

Puritans, Quakers, and Mennonites

36
Q

How do you think plantation owners justified their use of enslaved Africans?

A

they told themselves that their economy was dependent upon them

37
Q

How was a plantation different than a subsistence farm?

A

Plantations grew lots of crops and had slaves, subsistence farms use their children to help grow crops and grew only what they needed to live

38
Q

How was the tidewater different from the backcountry?

A

Tidewater- flat low plains by the sea, Backwater-hills and forests, near Appalachian Mountains

39
Q

What did the British colonists think of the French?

A

They were scared of the French.

40
Q

Why did the French scare the British colonists?

A

They were worried the French would take over and force them into Catholicism.

41
Q

Who was General Edward Braddock?

A

the Commander of the British Forces

42
Q

What was General Braddock’s mission?

A

He was to drive the French out of the Ohio River Valley.

43
Q

General Braddock and his LARGE group of soldiers (1400) marked from Virginia to where?

A

Fort Duquesne

44
Q

How long did this march take?

A

32 days

45
Q

What is one reason this trip too so long?

A

The troops wasted time building bridges on almost every river they came to.

46
Q

Who served as an aid to General Braddock?

A

George Washington

47
Q

What suggestion did Washington give to Braddock?

A

to not have the soldiers march in rows and columns

48
Q

How did Braddock react to Washington’s marching suggestion?

A

He ignored Washington’s suggestion

49
Q

When was the Battle of Monongahela?

A

July 9, 1755

50
Q

What occurred at the Battle of Monongahela?

A

The French and Indians were hiding behind trees and ambushed the British.

51
Q

How many British soldiers died at the Battle of Monongahela?

A

1,000 of the 1,400 who were there

52
Q

What happened to Braddock at Monongahela?

A

He died

53
Q

Who brought the surviving 400 soldiers back to Virginia?

A

Washington

54
Q

Who took command after Braddock’s death?

A

Washington

55
Q

What happened to Washington during this battle?

A

2 horses were shot out from under him, got bullet holes in the sleeves

56
Q

Why did Washington believe he survived at Monongahela?

A

God had a special plan for his life

57
Q

Who declared war on whom?

A

Britain declared war on France in 1756.

58
Q

What was the name of the war between Britain and France?

A

Seven Year War

59
Q

Where did the Seven Year War take place?

A

In Europe, West Indies, and India

60
Q

Who was Pittsburgh named after?

A

William Pitt

61
Q

Who was William Pitt?

A

He was the British Prime Minister and Head of Parliament

62
Q

Where was Pitt during the Seven Year War?

A

London

63
Q

Who decided to pay the cost of the war?

A

Britain…caused a lot of debt

64
Q

How did Britain decide to pay for the enormous war debt?

A

They decided to raise the taxes in the colony AFTER the war

65
Q

What was the ultimate objective for Pitt?

A

He wanted to conquer French Canada

66
Q

How did the war go for the British in 1758-1759?

A

There were many British victories…recaptured Fort Duquesne..

67
Q

Who was the Battle of Quebec?

A

The British…even though it was supposedly impossible

68
Q

What occurred on the Plains of Abraham?

A

The British made a surprise attack on fortress of Quebec…and defeated the French army

69
Q

What was the decisive battle in the war between Britain and the French?

A

The British victory in the battle over Quebec

70
Q

What occurred after the defeat at Quebec and the capture of Montreal?

A

The fighting ended

71
Q

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

A

It ended the war

72
Q

What did the French get out of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

A

France kept islands in West Indes

73
Q

What did the British get out of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

A

France gave Canada and land east of Mississippi River to British, Spain gave Florida to Britain

74
Q

What did the Spanish get out of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

A

France gave Louisiana to Spain

75
Q

What were speculators?

A

People who bought land with the intention of selling it for profit.

76
Q

What did the Proclamation of 1763 say?

A

Stopped more fighting, created a western border for colonies, cancelled all previous land grants

77
Q

What did King George III declare to be the western border of all colonies?

A

The Appalachian Mountains

78
Q

What was the cause of increased conflict between the colonists and the British government?

A

The Proclamation of 1763

79
Q

Who did the Proclamation of 1763 anger?

A

Speculators who wanted to become rich by buying and selling land.

80
Q

What were the French doing that made the colonists want more help from Britain?

A
  1. French were building more forts, 2. Washington was defeated at Fort Necessity
81
Q

What were 3 tactics used by the Indians toward the colonists?

A
  1. ambush them, 2. raid frontier farms, 3. kill settlers

7th Grade Social Studies (5 decks)

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