chapter 8

Question 1

cell division

Answer 1

The reproduction of a cell through duplication of the genome and division of the cytoplasm

Question 2

chromosomes

Answer 2

A gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis; also the main gene caring structure of a prokaryotic cell. Consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated protein

Question 3

asexual reproduction

Answer 3

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of a sperm and egg

Question 4

clone

Answer 4

as a verb, to produce genetically identical, copies of a cell, organism, or DNA molecules. As a noun, the collection of cells, organisms, or molecules, resulting from cloning; colloquially, a single organism that is genetically identical to another because it arose from the cloning of a somatic cell

Question 5

sexual reproduction

Answer 5

The creation of genetically unique offspring by the fusion of two haploid sex cells, forming a diploid zygote

Question 6

binary fission

Answer 6

A means of asexual reproduction in which a parent organism, often a single cell, divides into two genetically identical individuals of about equal size

Question 7

chromatin

Answer 7

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes; often used to refer to the diffusion, very extended form taken by chromosomes when a cell is not dividing

Question 8

sister chromatid

Answer 8

One of the two identical parts of a duplicated chromosome in a eukaryotic cell. Prior to mitosis, sister chromatids remain attached to each other at the centromere

Question 9

centromere

Answer 9

The region of a duplicated chromosome where sister chromatids are joined and where spindle microtubules attached during mitosis and meiosis. divides at the onset of anaphase during mitosis and anaphase two during meiosis

Question 10

cell cycle

Answer 10

in ordered sequence of events that extends from the time of eukaryotic cell is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells

Question 11

interphase

Answer 11

The period in the eukaryotic cell cycle, where the cell is not actually dividing. Constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle.

Question 12

mitotic phase

Answer 12

The part of the cell cycle, where the nucleus divides (via mitosis), it’s chromosomes are distributed to the daughter, nuclei, and the cytoplasm divides (via cytokinesis), producing two daughter cells