Chapter 8

Question 1

Addition reactions

Answer 1

Pi bond is broken to let X and Y be added

Question 2

Addition reactions when pi bond functions as base

Answer 2

Pi bond attacks H, which disconnects it from A. ALKENE doesn’t have pi bond but is bonded to H with positive charge on the other side, and A- is separate product

Question 3

Addition reactions when pi bond functions as nucleophile

Answer 3

Pi bond in alkene attacks positively charged atom, pi bond dissociates and carbon bonds to E on one side, with positive charge on the other

Question 4

Markovinov

Answer 4

Added to more substituted carbon

Question 4

anti-Markovinov

Answer 4

Added to less substituted carbon

Question 5

Regioselective

Question 5

Stereospecific

Question 6

Hydrohalogenation

Answer 6

Alkene is protonated, losing its pi bond. Forms carbocation and ion with what it took proton from. Ion functions as nucleophile and attacks positively charged carboon

Question 7

Acid catalyzed hydration

Answer 7

Alkene is protonated, losing its pi bond. Water attacks + charged carbon. Water functions as a base and deprotonates oxium ion, leaving just OH

Question 8

Oxymercuration-Demurcuration

Answer 8

Hydroxyl group and merucuration group attach, getting rid of pi bond. Demurcuration happens, just leaving OH

Question 9

Hydroboration-oxidation

Answer 9

Borane attacked by a pi bond, triggering hydride shift.

Question 10

What’s interesting about the outcome of hydroboration oxidation? What is this called?

Answer 10

H and OH are on the same side of the pi bond. Syn addition

Question 11

Catalytic hydrogenation

Answer 11

Molecular hydrogen added across double bond, removing double bond

Question 12

Halogenation

Answer 12

Br2 or Cl2 added across an alkene, making 2 Cs a single bond and attached to the halogens.