chapter 8

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an org and guides the behavior or its members

Question 2

observable artifacts

Answer 2

physical manifestations of culture
- manner of dress, awards, myths and stories about company, rituals and ceremonies, decorations, visible behavior

Question 3

values

Answer 3

espoused : what members of an org say they value
enacted : reflected in the way individuals actually behave

Question 4

basic assumptions

Answer 4

deeply held beliefs that guide behavior and tell members of org how to perceive and think about things

Question 5

how employees learn culture

Answer 5

1. symbols - nike swoosh
2. stories
3. heroes
4. rites and rituals - awards or ceremonies
5. org socialization

Question 6

org socialization

Answer 6

people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as members of an org.

Question 7

how culture is formed

Answer 7

• comes from org founders and their philosophy

Question 8

why culture matters

Answer 8

shapes org long term success by enhancing its systems and infl outcomes at various levels and a positive work culture

Question 9

4 types of culture

Answer 9

clan
adhocracy
market
hierarchy

Question 10

clan culture

Answer 10

internal employee focused
- values flexibility, not stability and control
- collaboration

Question 11

adhocracy culture

Answer 11

external focus
risk taking culture valuing flexibility and adaptability
creation of new and innovative products

Question 12

market culture

Answer 12

strong external focus
values stability and control
main goal is to make money and achieve goals

Question 13

hierarchy culture

Answer 13

internal focus
structured culture valuing stability and effectiveness
structured work env and lots of rules
- efficiency, smooth functioning

Question 14

common elements

Answer 14

1. common purpose
2. coordinate effort
3. division of labor
4. hierarchy of authority
5. span of control
6. authority
7. centralization vs decentralization of authority

Question 15

common purpose

Answer 15

unifies employees/ members and gives everyone an understanding of the orgs reason for being

Question 16

coordinated effort

Answer 16

Individuals work to gather to achieve a common goal

Question 17

division of labor

Answer 17

Separate parts of a task done by diff people

Question 18

hierarchy of authority

Answer 18

control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time

unity of command

Question 19

span of control

Answer 19

number of people reporting to a manager

Question 20

authority

Answer 20

rights to make decisions and utilize resources when given manager

Question 21

accountability

Answer 21

managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them

Question 22

responsibility

Answer 22

obligation to perform the task assigned to you

Question 23

delegation

Answer 23

Entrusting managerial authority and responsibility to employees lower in the hierarchy

Question 24

centralization vs decentralization of authority

Answer 24

centralized authority : important decisions are made by higher level managers
decentralized authority : important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory level managers

Question 25

functional structure

Answer 25

people w/ similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups - org is small/ single program focus - focused on efficiency

Question 26

divisional structure

Answer 26

people w/ diverse occupational specialties are put together in formal groups by similar products, customers/ geographic regions

Question 27

matrix structure

Answer 27

two command structures, vertical (department) and horizontal (project) pro : enables orgs to manage multiple org dimensions at the same time con : two bosses (conflict of interest), two goals project (team) and functional, increase in overhead, accountability for results in diffuse

Question 28

horizontal design

Answer 28

Different teams or divisions collab and work on shared tasks - break down hierarchy boundaries

Question 29

Hollow or Network Structure

Answer 29

org has a central core of key functions and outsources other functions to vendors who can do them cheaper and faster - nike

Question 30

modular structure

Answer 30

firm assemble product chunks provided by outside suppliers

Question 31

contingency design

Answer 31

process of fitting org to its env 1. env - mechanistic vs organic

Question 32

mechanistic orgs

Answer 32

- centralized hierarchy of authority - many rules and procedures - specialized tasks - formalized communication - few teams or task forces - narrow span of control, taller structures

Question 33

organic orgs

Answer 33

- decentralize hierarchy of authority - few rules and procedures - shared tasks - informal communication - many teams or task forces - wider span of control, flatter structures

Question 34

link btwn strategy and structure

Answer 34

- bus performance is infl by structure - stat goals should drive structure - structure should facilitate strat goals