chapter 8 Flashcards
social programs and taxation
what are values
beliefs about what’s important
they influence opinions and make decisions about issues that affect quality of life
social program
purpose?
examples?
services provided by government and paid for by taxes
reduce economic inequalities + promote wellbeing of citizens
health care, pensions, education, income assistance, child care services
canada vs usa social programs
canada: public funding
- things are paid for by taxes
- collective values
usa: private funding
- things paid out-of-pocket
- individualist values
the more social programs, the more taxes
canada social programs
collectivism: providing for the whole of society is important
- its essential people have equal access to services
- takes care of those who cant take care of themselves
- social programs are publicly funded [taxes]
collectivism government values
pass legislation to protect delivery of publicly funded services
laws against private healthcare
appropriate taxing for social programs
canada health act principles
universality: for everyone
accessibility: reasonable time/distance
comprehensivness: insure medically necessary services
portabibilty: everywhere
public administration: no profit, run by govt
issue of canada social programs
gets too expensive/unsustainable
affordability is affected by aging pop. and ability of working pop. to support these costs
old ppl = expensive healthcare [tax]
old people are expensive, dont work, dont contribute to taxes
usa social programs
individualism: people should provide for themselves
- less public more private funding
- for profit: guides by supply + demand
only LOW income earners get publicly funded social programs (unequal access)
individualism government values
federal + state gov’t make laws regarding social programs
no legislation identifies responsibilities in this area
usa social services
HMO
health maitnance organizations
private health care coverage in USA
senior citizen pensions
canada vs usa
CANADA: 65 + worked in canada for 10 years qualify for pension [paid by tax]
USA: support themselves through personal savings/plans
income assistance
canada vs usa
CANADA: those unable to meet basic needs get assistace paid for by taxes [provinces set criteria]
USA: provides funds for yhose who cant meet bacis needs [states set criteria]
health care
canada vs usa
CANADA: public; everyone gets basic healthcare paid by taxes
USA: private; americans pay for healthcare or insurance, but its expensive
medicare = gov’t funded
medicaid = ppl funded
define the following:
- vetoes
- medicare
- medicaid
- refuse
- government funded
- people funded
black market
an economic activity that takes place outside government-sanctioned channels
exchange of goods where the gov’t doesnt know so you cant be taxed
why are taxes necessary
certain services the levels of gov’t are expected to provide
different levels fund diff. things
taxation model
policy that guides gov’t in what to tax, how much to tax, and how to spend tax $$
income tax
pay a portion of earnings to both federal and provincial governments
comes off paychecks/profit you claim when submitting taxes
the more you earn, the more you spend
sales tax
paid at the time of buying something
percent of the total purchase
the more you spend, the more you pay
charging income tax
progressive taxes
higher income, more taxes
charging income tax
regressive
higher income, lower taxes
charging income tax
flat
everyone pays the same amount of taxes
income does not matter
political parties
organization that works to be in charge of a government
endorsing member(s) as canditates and supporting their electing to HOC
left wing
planned economy
value socialism + cooperation
- high taxes and gov’t spending/responsibility
NDP
restrictions on big business and economy
centre
mixed economy
value individual responsibilty and gov’t assistance to those in need
- moderate taxes
- moderate social programs
liberals
balanced restrictions + incentives on big business
right wing
market economy
value capitalism
- increased personal responsibilty
- low gov’t assistance and taxes
conservatives
decreased big business/economy restrictions
- incentives to influence economic growth
what US party are liberals similar to? what about conservatives
liberals similar to democrats
conservatives similar to republicans
