Chapter 8

Question 1

Where does most of the water reside?and how much of it?

Answer 1

In the ocean, 97%

70% of world is ocean

Question 2

What are the two major factors in the hydrologic cycle?

Answer 2

Evaporation and precipitation

Question 3

What does the ocean dominate?

Answer 3

Evaporation and precipitation

Question 4

How does the hydrologic cycle work on land?

Answer 4

First, it starts with precipitation, then evaporation + transpiration

Question 5

How does the hydrologic cycle work over water?

Answer 5

First, evaporation then precipitation

Question 6

Each year how much gain/loss of water does land get?

Answer 6

It gains 8%

Question 7

Each year how much gain/loss of water does the ocean get?

Answer 7

It loses 8%

Question 8

What does ET mean?

Answer 8

Actual evapotranspiration

Question 9

How much does ET(land) input in the moisture balance of the atmosphere?

Answer 9

14%

Question 10

How does evaporation occur?

Answer 10

Open water, soil, plant surfaces

**Soil

Question 11

How does transpirartion occur?

Answer 11

Plants release water (evaporates)
Cooling

**Trees, Grass

Question 12

What is Potential Evapotranspiration?

Answer 12

amount of water that evaporates/transpire under moisture conditions when there precipitaion and soil moisture

Question 13

How is potential evapotranspiration determined?

Answer 13

Atmospheric Energy
* Latitude(solar angle,length of day)
* Temp.

Question 14

POTET===

Answer 14

Demand

Question 15

PRECIP ==

Answer 15

Supply

Question 16

What is infiltration & percolation:?

Answer 16

Soil Moisture
(storage)

Question 17

Gravitational H2O ?

Answer 17

Too much water
H2O is unavaliable for plants

Question 18

Capillary H2O?

Answer 18

Just right
H2O avaible for water

Question 19

Hygroscopic H2O?

Answer 19

No water
H2O unavilable for plants
*wilting point

Question 20

what is a drought?

Answer 20

less precip. than EXPECTED or NEEDED

Question 21

what does EXPECTED mean in a drought?

Answer 21

means to the climate climate

Question 22

what does NEEDED mean in a drought?

Answer 22

demands exceeds supply

Question 23

is a drought natural?

Answer 23

yes
a naturally recurring feature

Question 24

what are they four types droughts?

Answer 24

Metorological
agricultural
hydrological
socioeconomic

*MATS (LIKE MATHS W/OUT THE T)

Question 25

Describe Grounwater

Answer 25

Largest pontetial freshwater source(>22%)
Found in AQUIFERS
accumulater over years(million)

there’s water in cryosphere 77% but not “avaible”

Question 26

for groundwater what is the placement of older and younger water?

Answer 26

young== top
old === bottom

Question 27

for groundwater recite the order

Answer 27

crops
root zone
unsaturated zone
table
saturated zone(young—old)

**short pipe – shallow well 9local recharge)
**long pipe—deep well(di

Question 28

TRUE OR FALSE
over land, precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration

Answer 28

true

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE
Actual evapotranspiration is a function of how much moisture actually evapotranspires, whereas potential evapotranspiration is a function of atmospheric energy.

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

Moisture in excess of field capacity can become

Answer 31

gravitational water

Question 32

If precipitation and soil moisture are not enough to meet the demand from potential evapotranspiration, which of the following situations will likely exist?

Answer 32

a deficit

Question 33

In the surface water budget, __________ is the major input and __________ is the major expenditure.

Answer 33

precipitation; actual evapotranspiration

Question 34

Which of the following lists of drought types is in the correct order of increasing severity (weakest to strongest)?

Answer 34

meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, socioeconomic

Question 35

TRUE OR FALSE
Weather is characterized in terms of short-term temperature, pressure, precipitation, etc. conditions, while climate refers to the same conditions, but over long-term climate “normals.”

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

TRUE OR FALSE

Equatorial regions are wet because of convergence from the trade winds, convection, and ample moisture availability, while subtropical regions are dry due to high pressure and sinking air from the Hadley cells.

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE
A genetic climate classification is based on the underlying forcing factors that affect a region, while an empirical climate classification uses actual data

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

Which of the following climate regions experiences a wet and dry season of approximately equal length?

Answer 38

Tropical savanna

Question 39

Over Land

Answer 39

PRECIPITAION >evapor. +transpi.

Question 40

Over Water

Answer 40

Evaporation > precip.