Chapter 8 Flashcards
Where does most of the water reside?and how much of it?
In the ocean, 97%
70% of world is ocean
What are the two major factors in the hydrologic cycle?
Evaporation and precipitation
What does the ocean dominate?
Evaporation and precipitation
How does the hydrologic cycle work on land?
First, it starts with precipitation, then evaporation + transpiration
How does the hydrologic cycle work over water?
First, evaporation then precipitation
Each year how much gain/loss of water does land get?
It gains 8%
Each year how much gain/loss of water does the ocean get?
It loses 8%
What does ET mean?
Actual evapotranspiration
How much does ET(land) input in the moisture balance of the atmosphere?
14%
How does evaporation occur?
Open water, soil, plant surfaces
**Soil
How does transpirartion occur?
Plants release water (evaporates)
Cooling
**Trees, Grass
What is Potential Evapotranspiration?
amount of water that evaporates/transpire under moisture conditions when there precipitaion and soil moisture
How is potential evapotranspiration determined?
Atmospheric Energy
* Latitude(solar angle,length of day)
* Temp.
POTET===
Demand
PRECIP ==
Supply
What is infiltration & percolation:?
Soil Moisture
(storage)
Gravitational H2O ?
Too much water
H2O is unavaliable for plants
Capillary H2O?
Just right
H2O avaible for water
Hygroscopic H2O?
No water
H2O unavilable for plants
*wilting point
what is a drought?
less precip. than EXPECTED or NEEDED
what does EXPECTED mean in a drought?
means to the climate climate
what does NEEDED mean in a drought?
demands exceeds supply
is a drought natural?
yes
a naturally recurring feature
what are they four types droughts?
Metorological
agricultural
hydrological
socioeconomic
*MATS (LIKE MATHS W/OUT THE T)
Describe Grounwater
Largest pontetial freshwater source(>22%)
Found in AQUIFERS
accumulater over years(million)
there’s water in cryosphere 77% but not “avaible”
for groundwater what is the placement of older and younger water?
young== top
old === bottom
for groundwater recite the order
crops
root zone
unsaturated zone
table
saturated zone(young—old)
**short pipe – shallow well 9local recharge)
**long pipe—deep well(di
TRUE OR FALSE
over land, precipitation is greater than evapotranspiration
true
TRUE OR FALSE
Actual evapotranspiration is a function of how much moisture actually evapotranspires, whereas potential evapotranspiration is a function of atmospheric energy.
TRUE
Moisture in excess of field capacity can become
gravitational water
If precipitation and soil moisture are not enough to meet the demand from potential evapotranspiration, which of the following situations will likely exist?
a deficit
In the surface water budget, __________ is the major input and __________ is the major expenditure.
precipitation; actual evapotranspiration
Which of the following lists of drought types is in the correct order of increasing severity (weakest to strongest)?
meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, socioeconomic
TRUE OR FALSE
Weather is characterized in terms of short-term temperature, pressure, precipitation, etc. conditions, while climate refers to the same conditions, but over long-term climate “normals.”
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Equatorial regions are wet because of convergence from the trade winds, convection, and ample moisture availability, while subtropical regions are dry due to high pressure and sinking air from the Hadley cells.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
A genetic climate classification is based on the underlying forcing factors that affect a region, while an empirical climate classification uses actual data
TRUE
Which of the following climate regions experiences a wet and dry season of approximately equal length?
Tropical savanna
Over Land
PRECIPITAION >evapor. +transpi.
Over Water
Evaporation > precip.
