chapter 6 Flashcards
Where does/did Earth’s water come from?
Asteriods
Some water in mantle
gysers
What ocean is the biggest? And how much does it make up
Pacific 50%
Surface Water is made up of how much freshwater?
77.78%
Where does most of the surface water come from?
Ice sheets and glaciers
What are the three stages of water?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
When water is a solid is more or less dense?
less dense
Solid to Gas?
Sublimation
Gas to Solid
Depositon
Gas to liquid
Condesation
Liquid to Gas
Evaporation
Solid to liquid
melting
Liqud to Solid
Freezing
Solid, Liquid, Gas. In that order are the calories absorbed or relased?
absorbed and are increased
80+, 100+. 540+
Gas, Liquid, Solid. In that order, are the calories absorded or relased?
relased, and decreased
-540, -100, -80
What is the formula of absolute humidity?
Mass/volume
Define Humidity?
water content of air
What are the measures of humidity?
absolute, relative, specific, dewpoint
What happens to water vapor if the volume changes?
It stays the same, only the humidity will change as well
What is the formula of relative humidity?
(actual water vapor/water vapor capacity at T ) * 100
what does the mac water capacity depends on?
temp
High relative humidity, temp=?
Low Temp
Low Relative Humidity, temp=?
High Temp
What is the formula for specific humidity?
mass watervapor/ total mass o air
*** not affected by changes in Temp, Vol, P
When saturation occur?
R.H =100%
rate of evaporation = condesation
Dewpoint Temp,—?
Temp at which air is saturated
Define Stability?
the tendency of the atmosphere to ressit upward motion and instead stay in place ( or sink)
Parcel is Stable==?
resisit upward movement
or sinks back to start point
Parcel is unstable==?
rises & continues
rise freely on its own
Adiabatic, define?
warming or cooling rate inside parcel
Where does the temp change in the parcel?
inside the parcel
Parcel heating==?
sinks, goes down to surface
Parcel Cooling==?
Rises from earth surface
What are the two rates a parcel can warm/cool?
Dry and Moist
**MAR AND DAR
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate==m?
10C/1000m
unsaturated
Moist Adiabatic Lapse Rate==m?
6C/1000m
saturated
Dry(unsaturated) parcel=?
rises and cools at 10C/1000m
sinks and warms at 10C/1000m
Moist(saturated)Parcel==?
rises and cools at 6C/1000m
sinks and wamrs at 10C/1000m
If it unsaturated what do we use?
DAR
if it is saturated what do we use?
MAR
temp inside of parcel is==?
Tparcel
temp surrounding the enviroment is ==?
Tenv
Tparcel < Tenv=?
Parcel is cooler/denser
does not rise
STABLE
Tparcel > Tenv=?
warmer/less dense
rises and cools adiabatically
UNSTABLE
If T decreases, what happens to RH?
RH inceases
*Parcel may switch from DAR TO MAR, if it rises and if RH=100%
== Lifting Condesation Level
What are clouds?
masses of tiny moisture droplets
What are the Clouds Types?
Flat
Puffy
Wispy
Flat Cloud is called=?
Stratus Cloud
Puffy Cloud is called=?
Cumulus Cloud
Wispy Cloud is called =?
Cirrus Cloud
If a cloud is the middle of the altitude, what prefix does it take?
alto
**2,000-6,000m
If a cloud is in the HIGH of the altitude, what prefix does it take?
cirr
**6,000-13,000m
If a cloud is in the low of the altitude, what prefix does it take?
it varies
Low Clouds Composition =?
Water
Middle Clouds Composition=?
Ice and Water
HIgh Clouds Composition=?
Ice
Vertically Developed CLouds Composition=?
Water below
Ice above
What kind of clouds are small white flakes? Are high in sky
High Clouds
: Cirrocumulus
What kinds of clouds are thin to thick, just visible. Are in the middle of sky?
Middle Cloud:
Altostratus
WHat kind of cloud are low in the sky and are uniform, featuless, like fog?
LOw CLouds:
Stratus
What kind of cloud is sharpy outlined,puffy, and low in the sky?
Vertically Developed:
Cumulus
What is Fog?
It is clouds that are in contact with the ground
What are the two types of Fog?
Advection
Radation
How many types of advection fog is there?
3
1. evaporation
2. upslope
3. valley
What is Advection Fog?
air moving from place to place
***leads to saturation
What is evaportation fog?
*steam fog
cold air on warm/moist surfaces
What is upslope fog?
moist air lifted upslope
What is valley fog?
saturated layer that settles in valleys
What is Radiation Fog?
surface cools off dewpoint, over moist ground
