Chapter 8 Flashcards
Range from full service facilities handling hundreds of patients daily, to those with a few beds and limited care capabilities
Hospital
Hospitals can be comparable to a
Small city
Hospital preplans should be monitored at least _____ by the local fire department
Semi-annually
Fire codes
Code red
Code blue
Code white
Code amber
Code yellow
Code gray
Code silver
Code orange
Code triage
Code clear
Code red: Fire
Code blue: adult medical emergency
Code white: pediatric medical emergency
Code amber: infant or child abduction
Code yellow: bomb threat
Code gray: security emergency/patient elopement
Code silver: hostage situation
Code orange: hazmat/ decon needed
Code triage: external disaster
Code clear
The greatest danger for patients, hospital staff, and firefighters with an MRI machine is
The tremendous power of the magnetic
FF can be endangered with their PPE. SCBA and most firefighting tools will contain ferrous metals that will be forcibly pulled from their hands, or the firefighter can be pulled into MRI machine because of the SCBA
A fire in an operating room can be supplied with fuel from within the operating room and accelerated by the high oxygen content in the room
In operating rooms, the use of oxygen in conjunction with the ventilation system will allow a free burning fire
Most hospital fires in operating rooms involve
high energy electrosurgical units
Fires involving high energy electrosurgical units may not generate sufficient heat to
Activate the sprinkler systems within the operating room
Ventilation through the HVAC system will often be the only feasible method of smoke removal from an operating room
______ should be used in operating rooms to control and extinguish fires to minimize contamination
Portable carbon dioxide extinguishers
A critical time period for fires in the hospital is
At night
There is reduced staffing and the occupants are asleep, leading to alarm systems that may not be heard and disorientation on the part of the occupants
A facility in which the occupants are often bedridden, lacking mobility, and may suffer from dementia or Alzheimer’s disease
Nursing home
Designed to allow occupants the privacy of their own living quarters, and normally have minimal staff
Assisted living facility
_____ alarm systems can pinpoint the problem area. The bells or klaxons are sounded in a numerical pattern; when counted, these can identify on a chart the exact location of the alarm
Coded alarm systems
Occurs when the number of patients exceeds the level of stabilization and care that can normally be provided in a fast and timely manner
Mass casualty incident
Can be the result of man made or natural disaster
Communities can classify MCI at different levels
- A level 1 MCI: an incident that can be handled completely by the local agency with minimal or no outside response
- A level 2 MCI: requires significant assistance from outside agencies
Hospital notification in the event of an MCI
Level A or level 1: alerts hospitals that an incident has occurred and there is a possibility of a mass casualty
Level B or level 2: alert hospitals that a confirmed MCI has occurred and the affected hospital will be receiving patients
Level C or Level 3: alerts hospitals that an all clear has been declared, meaning the incident has been resolved or that all patients have been transported from the incident scene
Trauma centers must have a helipad for receiving patients
What are the 4 levels of trauma centers in the United States
Level 1: has a full range of specialists and equipment available at all time and must admit a minimum volume of severely injured patients annually
Level 2: works in collaboration with a level 1 center. Provides comprehensive trauma care and supplements the clinical expertise of a level 1
Level 3: does not have the same availability as level 1 & 2 specialist. But does have resources for emergency resuscitation, surgery, and intensive care. Has an agreement with level 1/2 for transfer
Level 4: provides for stabilization and treatment of severely injured patients in remote areas where no alternative care is available
______ is the basis of improvement of fire and EMS operations
Constructive criticism
In an MCI triage what are the steps
-First step is to perform a primary scan of all victims. Should be done by first arriving unit.
-Second step is used to treat those injuries where the person has a chance of survival
-Third step includes a thorough examination followed by tagging
What are the tagging classification in a MCI triage
Red tag — 1st priority — immediate transport
Yellow tag — 2nd priority — transport as soon as possible
Green tag — 3rd priority — minor/ delayed transport
White tag — 4th priority — no injury, no transport
Black tag — deceased — no transport
Church. Gothic style churches are one story buildings that can be equal to four or more stories in height
House of worship
A leading contributing factors of major fires in churches are
Delayed detection and delay in notification of the fire department
The most common cause of church fires is
Arson
The second leading cause of church fires is
Electrical problems
Another major cause of church fires besides arson and electrical is
Fires associated with the heating plant in the building
And improper storage
About half of all church fires occur
Between 2300 hours and 0700 hours
The ceiling in a gothic style church is referred to as
A hanging ceiling
After fire has control of the hanging ceiling, …..
It is past the control efforts of an interior attack
Difficulty breaking church windows may be due to
They may be protected by Lexan covering or a wire screen
Will require power saws to remove them
Prison and detention centers are called
Penal institution
Many arson fires in a penal institution are started when there is a period of
Unrest
The type of penal institution can be categorized by
- First generation confinement: indirect intermittent supervision; maximum security
- Second generation confinement: indirect supervision; little contact with correctional officers; medium security
- Third generation confinement: direct supervision; minimum security
The attempt to use hose lines to control prisoners, if undertaken, must be performed by
Law enforcement personnel and not firefighters
Under unified command in a penal institution incident, the operational section chief will be
Typically someone from the prison staff
Roof ventilation in a penal system is normally
Non existent
The number and placement of exit doors in a public assembly is based upon
The number of people that can reasonably be expected to occupy a building
Tents are considered
Public assemblies
The 3 leading cause of school fires finding from 2009-2011
- Cooking
- Intentional action
- Heating
Intentional action was the leading cause of nonconfined school fires
The leading area of nonconfined was the bathroom
At schools a drawing of evacuation plans should be posted
Near the doorway of each classroom
School drills should be conducted ____
At least once each semester, the drills should be monitored by
Monthly
The fire department
The agreed upon definition for an active shooter by US government agencies is
An individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area
A consideration by specific agencies responding to an active shooter incident is
Restrict the use of lights and sirens within 2 blocks of the reported active shooter location for all emergency responders
Police refer to an active shooter as
An armed person who has used deadly physical force on other persons and continues to do so while having unrestricted access to additional victims
Many fire in penal institutions start with
The careless handling of smoking products and fires intentionally set in bedding
At supermarkets, responders have to anticipate that if a catastrophic system failure occurs
It is possible for the store area to be flooded with coolant
