Chapter 10 Flashcards
____ was created because internationally there were different methods of both labeling and safety data sheets
GHS
Globally Harmonized System
OSHA adopted GHS through the hazard communication standard. It became mandatory as of June 1, 2015, and can be summarized into 3 main components
- Standardized hazard definitions and symbols
- Standardized MSDS format and content, which will be called SDSs
- Standardized hazard warnings and symbols on container labels
Pictography
There are 9 pictograms under GHS
Used as a primary element to communicate important information about the hazards of a chemical
Labels must have hazard pictograms framed in a red square frame set at a point (like a diamond)
Labeling
Responders may find both NFPA and GHS labeling. Only the GHS will be regulated
Hazard rating
Both NFPA and GHS have standard numerical ranking hazard levels
NFPA has 5 levels and the scale ranges from 0-4 and ranks 0 as the lowest hazard level
GHS has 4 levels and the scale ranges from 1-4 and ranks 1 as the highest hazard level
Signal words
A single word used to indicate the relative level of severity of hazard and alert the reader to a potential hazard on the label
Words are
Danger and warning
Danger is for the more severe hazards
Warning is for less severe hazard
SDS has how many sections?
16 sections
OSHA states that through GHS,
The standard that gave workers the right to know, now gives them the right to understand
OSHA through HazCom 2012 and NFPA are 2 separate and distinct systems
HazCom 2012 looks at hazmat from the perspective of informing workers about the hazards in a work place under normal conditions for the use of foreseeable emergencies
NFPA provides basic information for emergency personnel responding to fire or spills and planning for emergency response
The NFPA marking system _______ is required at facilities storing hazmat where referenced by fire code or other documents
NFPA 704
What do the NFPA markings stand for
Left quadrant blue: health hazard
Top quadrant red: flammability hazard
Right quadrant yellow: reactivity hazard
Bottom quadrant: special designation
A vehicle carrying hazmat should have placards that contain _____ identifying the product it is transporting
4 digit identification number
All modes of transportation are required to have shipping papers identifying their cargo. These papers are referred to differently, depending on the mode of transportation
Highway vehicle
Trains
Ships
Airplanes
Highway vehicle: bills of lading
Trains: way bills, wheel reports, consists
Ships: cargo manifest
Airplanes: air bills
If shipping papers cannot be located or if more information is needed, ______ can be called
CHEMTREC
Chemical transportation emergency center
A ready resource for assisting firefighters in identifying hazmat is provided by USDOT in its
ERG
Emergency response guidebook
Size consideration for setting up hot, warm and cold zones should be based upon
Wind direction
Terrain
Accessibility
Vapor clouds
Any explosion potential
If fire is in or impinging upon a vessel or tank, cooling of that container should be an immediate concern. This action will reduce the possibility of
A BLEVE
Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion
A staging area for hazmat should be designated, considering
Topography
Wind
Accessibility
Contamination can be caused by
Chemical, Biological, Radiological exposures
_______ or ________ contamination will not be visible to the human eye.
Biological or radiological
Biological contamination is impossible to detect since it will not manifest itself until an incubation period has passed
Radiation can be detected through monitoring
If contaminated water enters the sewer system, the ______ must be notified
Water treatment plant
Involves highly flammable products and there is the ever present danger of rapid incident scene changes
Tank farm / refinery fires
There are 3 common types of flammable liquid storage tanks
- Open top floating roof
- Covered floating roof
- Cone roof
- Open top floating roof
- Covered floating roof
- Cone roof
- Open top floating roof
Designed to prevent buildup of vapors between the surface of the liquid and the underside of the roof
Most fire are located in the seal area
Identify by wind girder encircling it at the top
Fires that involve seal area should be fought with foam - Covered floating roof
Can be distinguished by vents near the top of the tank
Free of ignitable vapors except during filling and 1 day after
Fires in this tank are caused by an ignition source such as lightning - Cone roof
Acts the same as a covered roof, except the roof can separate and propel a distance from the tank when an explosion occurs
_____ is the most common firefighting agent used on tank fires
Water
Problems associated with tanks containing various types of oil are
Boilover
Slopover
Frothover
A phenomenon that can occur in an open-top tank containing crude oils that have a wide range of components. This occurrence can develop in a tank where the roof has been blown off, or in an interior floating tank where the top has sunk
Boilover
Can occur if a fire stream is applied to the hot surface of burning oil, provided the oil is viscous and its temperature exceeds 212 degrees F
Slopover
The overflowing of a container that is not involved in fire. Occurs when the water in the container boils under the surface of a viscous hot oil
Frothover
Boiling point of water
212 degrees F
In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the United States of America, the president and congress created
Department of homeland security
Violent acts, or acts dangerous to human life, in violation of criminal laws of the United States.
Terrorism incidents
The federal bureau of investigation recognize 2 categories of terrorism: domestic and international
Weapons of terrorist attack include
B-NICE and WMD
Biological
Nuclear
Incendiary
Chemical
Explosive
Includes bacteria, such as anthrax and plague, and viruses
Can enter the body through inhalation or skin absorption
Biological
Can include flammable liquids, gases, combustible liquids, or a mixture of chemicals that will ignite on contact with each other
Incendiary
Nerve agents, blister agents, blood agents, and others
Include sarin, mustard gases cyanide, arsenics, chlorine, and phosgene, among others
Chemical
Attack the nervous system, skin, eyes, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract
The choice for the greatest number of terrorist acts
Explosives
Because local and regional resources will be overwhelmed, an early request for federal assistance will be needed. Some governmental agencies require at least ____ hours to activate and then be transported to the scene
12 hours
Military 6 hours
The dispersion of a product that was absorbed by a persons clothing
Off gassing
_____ and ____ are the initial treatments for patients with symptoms of a nerve gas exposure
Pralidoxime and atropine
Used to treat patients with symptoms that may be related to exposure to cyanide
Sodium thiosulfate
Terrorist attack stages
Stage 1: alert
Stage 2: warning (event likely to occur in 48 hours)
Stage 3: immediate response (most difficult)
Stage 4: recovery operations
With an unexploded device maintain clear zone of at least ____ feet from the location of the suspected device
500 feet
For life saving action such as search and rescue, removal of injured civilians, or entry to prevent conditions that would injure or kill numerous persons, the planned dose to the whole body should not exceed ____ rems
100 rems
During less stressful, 25 rems
Illegal laboratories ranging from primitive to highly sophisticated facilities for the production of illegal drugs such as methamphetamines
Clandestine drug labs
Do not use ___ cameras within clandestine labs because they are not intrinsically approved for use in environments containing certain gases
Thermal imaging camera
____ personal protective suits would normally be the minimum protection required in a clandestine drug lab incident
Level B
Giant spiraling storms that can pack wind speeds of more than 160 miles per hour
Hurricanes
If a storm achieves speeds of 38 miles per hour, it becomes known as
A tropical depression
A tropical depression becomes a tropical storm when its sustained wind speeds top ___ miles per hour
39 mph
When storms sustained wind speeds reach 74 mph it becomes
A hurricane
____ % of all hurricane deaths result from storm surges
90%
Scientists assign a magnitude rating to earthquakes based on the strength and duration of their seismic waves using the
Richter scale
3 to 5: minor or light
5 to 7: moderate to strong
7 to 8: major
8 or more: great
During earthquakes _____ claim the majority of lives
Collapsing buildings
The leading causes of wildland fires are
Lightning #1
Arson
Debris burning
Careless smoking
Children with matches
Campfires
Railroad use
Freezing rain that forms an ice coating in highways
Black ice
Hypothermia occurs when a persons body temperature falls below
90 degrees F
A tornando is a violent, dangerous, rotating column of air. In order for it to be classified as a tornado, it must be
In contact with both the surface of the earth and a cloud
GHS (Globally harmonized system) was created by
The United Nations
REM is known as a unit of dose equivalence and is an acronym for
Roentgen equivalent man
It is estimated that for every pound of methamphetamine produced,
5-6 pounds of toxic waste is produced
Water can be applied as a spray to extinguish fires involving hydrocarbons where the flash point of fuel is more than
100 degrees F
Storage tanks are built to collapse ____ and resist tank failure that would spill their contents out of the tank
Inward
