Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is the difference between a basement and a cellar
A cellar is more than 50 percent below grade or ground level; unfinished
A basement is less than 50 percent below grade; finished
The presence of heat and smoke at the first floor level or on all levels and the absence of visible fire can indicate
A cellar fire
A large sprinkler head that is attached to a hose line and lowered through the opening created into the cellar until it touches the floor or an obstruction
A distributor
If inadequate ventilation is not provided by an outside cellar door or sufficient windows, an alternative method is
Cutting a hole in the floor beneath a window on the first floor
The opening should be the width of the window and extend out from the wall approximately one foot
Buildings that are set back from the roadway
Garden apartments
The greatest challenge for firefighters will be between _____ and _____, the time when most residential fire deaths occur
Midnight and 8am
A fire can burn out of control due to
- Insufficient resources
- Lack of an adequate water supply
- Late discovery
- An incendiary fire
- A fire involving flammable liquids
- A poor plan of attack
- Poor construction
- Improper ventilation
A common location for fires in a garden apartment to start is commonly in the ______ area, normally located on the lowest level
Storage area
The best method to control garden apartment fires is through
An aggressive offensive attack
Approximately _____ of all civilian fire fatalities occur in residence
80%
In residential fires, the most common rooms of origin are
The bedroom, lounge area, or kitchen
Major problem with renovated buildings is
That a higher number of firefighters are injured and killed in these structures than in most other types of occupancies.
This occurs due to changes in the building layout or materials used to renovate
Indicators of a partition fire include
- Continued heat and smoke generation after all visible fire has been knocked down
- Smoke pushing from baseboards and window moldings and from around electrical outlets and switches
- Discoloration of plaster or wallboard due to the heat behind
According to USFA, there are an estimated _____ hotel and motel fires reported to US fire departments each year
3,900
Hotel and motel fires are considered part of the residential fire problems. However, they comprise only approximately ____ of residential fires
1%
_____ is the leading cause of hotel and motel fires. Almost all are small, confined
Cooking
The leading cause of larger fires in hotel and motels are
Electrical malfunctions
Classified as quarters that have more than 16 sleeping accommodations used by transients for less than 30 days. The quality vary from upscale to rundown
Hotels and motels
_____, ______, and _____ of the building will be factors in controlling fires and assuring the safety of occupants
Time
Height
Size
A life hazard for hotel and motels is
Alarms systems activations are often ignored by the occupants
Fires in _______ cause more firefighter injuries and death than other structural fires
Vacant buildings
Vacant building can be categorized by 2 distinct type
- Vacated and awaiting resale
- Vacant for some time and stripped of all contents
_____ is an area with essentially no development except roads, railroads, power lines, and similar transportation facilities
Wildland
Refers to characteristics of, or an actual city
Urban
Refers to a place where 2 independent systems meet and interact with each other
Interface
A mix of wildland and urban area
Wildland urban interface
When assessing areas in the wildland fire environment, trying to determine if/or how many homes may be up some remote road or driveway,
Counting mailboxes at the roadways edge provides a good estimate
Before committing apparatus and personnel on a WUI fire,
A secondary means of egress must be determined
Critical factors for wildland firefighting include
Weather
Topography
Fuel
_____ and ____ with wildland fires are a much greater concern than found at a normal structure fire
Weather and fuel
______ or terrain plays a big factor in fire behavior, the direction in which a fire spreads and the speed in which a fire travels.
Topography
In the wildland fire environment, there is a rule of thumb during a wind driven fire
If one quarter or more of the roof is on fire when you pass or arrive, do not engage this structure but move to the next exposure
Wildland firefighting utilizes ____ hose line. Adjustable nozzles on the lowest gallon setting since water must be used judiciously
1 1/2 hoses line
For wildland firefighter safety considerations there is the
10 standard fire orders
18 situations that shout watch out
Wildland firefighters use the acronym LCES
Lookout (observe & report to IC)
Communication
Escape
Safety
Life hazard of wildland fire is
- They generate high heat conditions
- Significan blowing embers
- Severe smoke conditions
- Can travel rapidly
Large flying brands and embers are common in wildland fires. The fire must be anticipated
Downwind for greater distances
Wildland urban interface fires can be broken down into 2 stages
- Attempting to prepare and protect a structure impending attack
- Address any extension of fire after the fire has passed
