Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the 6 sides of confinement?
All 4 walls & below & above
A properly designed and installed _____ is the most effective method of fire control and life safety in a structure
Sprinkler system
A network of properly sized piping with sprinkler heads attached at specific locations
Sprinkler systems
NFPA 13
Sprinkler systems
System that contains water at all times. Not installed in buildings which temperature can fall below 40 degrees F
Wet pipe sprinkler
System filled with air or nitrogen under pressure in lieu of water. Air pressure is usually between 15 and 50 psi. System needed in buildings where temperature could fall below 40 degrees F
Dry pipe sprinkler system
System contains deluge type valves, fire detection devices, and closed sprinkler heads. Charges with air or nitrogen. Water only released into the system by an activated fire detection system
Pre action sprinkler system
Open sprinkler heads and a deluge valve. Typically used in highly hazardous occupancies or where a fast spreading fire may occur
Deluge sprinkler system
Combines piping system that supply water to both standpipe and the sprinkler heads are what class?
Class 1
Class 3
Class 1 standpipe
2 1/2 hoses line connection for firefighter use
Typically required in building 3 floors or more and in malls
Class 2 standpipe system
1 1/2 inch hose line connection
Often required in large unsprinklered buildings
Class 3 standpipe system
Combination of class 1 & 2
Contains piping that is filled with water at all times and have water supply that can meet the demand needed for firefighting
Automatic wet system
Contains pipes that is filled with pressurized air and contain supply valves that release the water into the standpipe system when a valve is opened. Sufficient water pressure is automatically available for firefighting
Automatic dry system
Piping that is normally filled with air and may or may not be pressurized. These systems are arranged to allow water into the system when a remote actuation device such as a pull station is operated. They require a pre connected water supply to support firefighting
Semi automatic dry system
Contains piping that is filled with air and do not have a water supply connected to them. Fire department connection is provided so water can be manually supplied to the system.
Manual dry system
Piping that filled with water to alleviate the time required to fill the system in the event of a fire. The water supply comes from connections to a domestic water supply, though the supply is not adequate to provide sufficient pressure for fire fighting. Fire department will need to pressurize the system
Manual wet system
What areas should be checked first in a primary search
The area around the fire and directly above the fire
Ladder placement for victim removal is
Head of the ladder even or slightly below the windowsill
Ladder placed alongside the window and about 3 rungs above the windowsill
Entering a window
Ladder placement for roof access
Extended at least 3 rungs above the roof
Head of the ladder resting on the wall above the opening. Firefighter positioned on the ladder slightly below the center of the window
Play waterline in window
Ladder placed on windward side of the opening, slightly above the top of window
For ventilation
The correct positioning of the heel or base of the ladder will ensure that proper climbing angle is achieved. The desired angle is
75 degrees
The correct positioning of the heel or base of the ladder will ensure that a proper climbing angle is achieved. The desired angle is?
75 degrees
Proper method to climb a ladder is
Extend your arms and climb the ladder steadily on the balls of your feet, using your legs to do the climbing.
Don’t keep body near rungs
Firefighters involved in roof operations should ensure that there are at least _____ means of egress from the roof
2 independently means of egress
What occurs/ what is it called when heat and smoke reach the highest level within a fire area or building and starts banking downward?
Mushroom effect
When breaking glass of a window break what panel first?
Break top panel to prevent being exposed to the heat of the fire
Roof ventilation should be in conjunction with ____ on the upper floors
Horizontal ventilation
A ventilation hole should be?
4 feet by 4 feet on small roofs
8 feet by 12 feet on large roofs
____ and ____ are the most common types of hazards for firefighter on rooftops with solar panels
Tripping and slipping
Hydraulic ventilation can be achieved by
Setting hose line with a nozzle on a fog pattern that covers 90% of the window or door opening through which smoke will be vented
Placing exhaust fans into windows or doorways and pulling the smoke or toxic fumes from the building
Negative pressure ventilation
Placement of fans to pressurize the interior of the structure and remove the products of combustion by driving fresh air into the building and forcing out the smoke via openings made by the fire department
Positive pressure ventilation
The size of the fans used must be in excess of 10,000 cubic feet per minute and often range to 20,000 cubic feet per minute
What are the different types of ventilation?
Conventional
Hydraulic
Positive pressure
Negative pressure
_____ should not be attempted until an initial ventilation hole of sufficient size is placed directly above the fire area
Trench cut
This is the # 1 rule
A trench hole should be located in
The expected path of fire travel
If a trench cut is being considered, openings or observation holes should be placed _____ the initial ventilation hole and the location near where the trench will be placed
Between
Roof observation openings when doing a trench can be any shape. The most common are?
Kerf cut and triangular cut
A trench consist of
2 parallel cuts approximately 30-36 inches apart
Not so narrow the fire could jump it, nor so wide that a firefighter could not step over it
The primary cause of rekindles are
Incendiary fires and careless firefighting
Frame and ordinary building construction have components that will contribute fuel to the fire. ____ may need to be opened to expose hidden fires
Flooring
A building struck by lightning may require _______. The intense heat of the lightning can be conducted throughout the building by the piping and wiring starting many smoldering fires in the inner cavities
Extensive overhauling
A cloud of dust can be _____
Explosive
