Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is this: In 1992, Robert Agnew, moulded it into a comprehensive perspective. sees law-breaking behaviour as a coping mechanism enabling those who engage in it to deal with the socio-emotional problems generated by negative social relations
General Strain theory
according to __, strain occurs when others do 1. prevent or threaten to prevent a person from achieving positively valued goals 2. remove or threaten to remove positive stimuli that people possess, 3. present or threaten to present someone with noxious or negatively valued stimuli like physical abuse
General Strain theory
what does this define: a subcultural pathway to success that is disapproved of by the wider society
illegitimate opportunity structure
What developed the theory of social ecology, or an approach to criminological theorizing that attempts to link the structure and organization of a human community to interactions with it’s localized environment
Chicago school of criminology
What used two sources of information: 1. population statistics and official crime information 2. ethnographic data
Chicago school of criminology
Who created this concept: in 1972, an architect defensible space: made the range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment under the control of its residents, which also means “the range of mechanisms”
Oscar Newman
what concept did oscar newman create: made the range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment under the control of its residents, also means “the range of mechanisms
Defensible space
Crimes occur outside of geographic areas characterized by social disorganization, white collar crime, cybercrime, and environmental crime may occur more often in well-established neighbourhoods
ecological approach
What are these three major types of __ theories: 1. Social disorganization theory, 2. Strain theory, 3. culture conflict theory.
social structure theories
Social structure theory is: known as the “ecological approach”, a perspective on crime and deviance that sees society as a kind of organism and crime and deviance as a disease or social pathology.
Social disorganization theory
Social structure theory is: a sociological approach that posits a disjuncture between socially and sub-culturally sanctioned means and goals as the cause of criminal behaviour developed a concept of anomie
Strain Theory
Social structure theory is: a sociological perspective on crime that suggests that the root cause of criminality can be found in the clash of values between various socialized groups over what is acceptable or proper behaviour
Culture conflict theory
This is a perspective that emphasizes the importance of geographic location and architectural features as they are associated with the prevalence of criminal victimization. also called as environmental criminology
Criminology of place
the interaction between and among social institutions, groups, and individuals
Social processes
What does define: the process by which a person openly rejects that which they want or aspire to but cannot obtain or achieve, both strain theory and subcultural perspective
Reaction formation
