Chapter 8 Flashcards
what are the two types of anthropologists that study the past?
Paleoanthropologists and archeologists
what do Paleoanthropologists focus on?
skeletal fossils and genetic remains
- compare us to our ancestors
What Do archeologists focus on?
reconstructing changes in past human societies using the archeological record (all human material and objects) - long term perspective - determine the how and why
Archaeological record
The record consists of material evidence of human modification of the physical environment.
what are the 3 main goals of archeology?
- reconstruct how humans lived in the past
- identify how cultures have changed
- understand the influence of changes
What is the archaeological process and what are the main methods?
- scientific methods used from biologists and geologists
- dig
- identify precise location of remains
what are processual archeologists?
- view archeology as an objective - empirical science
- use math to determine distribution of materials
- emphasize human adaptations to different environments
what are post-processual archaeologists?
- emphasize human agency and ideas and values when they study past cultures
- stress symbolism
- examine power, domination, internal contradictions
what is an archeological survey?
- a physical examination of geographical regions to determine is they are promising sites
- walk area, research, photograph
- use GPR and GIS systems to show buried remains
- dont harm the area
what are artifacts?
objects that have been deliberately and intelligently shaped by humans or hominin ancestors
what are features?
non-portable items created by humans (house)
what are ecofacts?
biological remains that are likely associated with food consumption or other human activities
when an object is found they record three things, what are they?
the matrix
the provenance
the other remains around it
what is the immediate matrix?
soil, gravel, clay, sand
what is the provenance?
the 3D position of the artifact found