Chapter 11 Flashcards
Emergent masculinities, is a term coined in
the research of ________.
a.
Gayle Rubin
b.
Eleanor Leacock
c.
Marchia Inhorn
d.
None of the above
c
According to the film, “Gender Revolution…”, the world is divided into two categories. What are these categories?
a.
Male and female
b.
Intersex and transgenders
c.
Gender and sexuality
d.
Eunuchs and Hijras
A
According to the film, “Gender Revolution…”, what are the major challenges for the transgender people in society?
Select one:
a.
Barriers to get access to the bathrooms
assigned to transgender gender in school
or in other public spaces
b.
Negative social stigma, rudeness or
cruelty for transgender people, regardless
of their ethnic and racial identities
c.
Maltreatment or discrimination in
workplace or public spaces
d.
All of the above answers are correct.
D
The domination of men over women and children is called ________.
Select one:
a.
public/private divide
b.
matriarchy
c.
sexism
d.
patriarchy
D
What is intersex?
Select one:
a.
Individuals who possess ambiguous
genitalia
b.
Individuals who lack genitalia
c.
Individuals who have lack of
reproductive capacity despite having
functional genitalia
d.
Individuals who engage in sexual activity
with all sexes
A
______argues that women and men are equally human and therefore that women are entitled to enjoy the same rights and privileges.
Select one:
a.
Humanism
b.
Feminism
c.
Patriarchy
d.
Chivalry
B
Cultural anthropologists use ________ to specifically refer to the physical characteristics that distinguishes males from females.
Select one:
a.
the terms masculine or feminine
b.
the terms man or woman
c.
the term gender
d.
the term sex
D
Sexuality refers to the ways in which people experience and value physical desire and pleasure in the context of sexual intercourse.
Select one:
True
False
true
Anthropologist Afsaneh Najmabadi discovered that the distinctions between sex, gender, and sexuality, developed by Western scholars cannot be mapped onto Iranian categories between sex, gender, and sexuality.
Select one:
True
False
True
Anthropologists strongly accept the idea that a person’s gendered beliefs or behaviour is directly caused by that person’s biological sex.
Select one:
True
False
False
Define feminism.
a theory that argues that men and women are equally human and therefore women are entitled to enjoy the same rights and privileges as men
what were the two waves of feminism?
first wave - a social movement emerged in North America in the 19th- century to obtain women’s equal rights (e.g., women’s voting rights)
Second Wave Feminism: emerged in North America in the middle of 20th- century to challenge remaining forms of inequality between men and women (e.g., patriarchy, sexism) - 1960s and 1970s
define patriarchy
the domination of men over women and children
define sexism.
the systematic sociocultural structures and practices of inequality derived from patriarchal institutions that continue to shape relations between men and women.
what is the private/public model?
socially and culturally constructed barriers between men and women what public life is the domain of men and private domestic family life is the place for a woman.
public life - outside family is for men
private life is for women - the family
what do feminists argue the patriarchy does?
they argue that the patriarchy creates a division between men and women that is a form of inequality and oppression against women.
what is gender?
culturally constructed roles assigned to males or females which varied from society to society.
what is sex?
physical characteristics that distinguish males from females
what is gender binary?
a dual gender category separating all men from all women.
- all societies universally recognize this
what is a matriarchy?
societies where women as a group dominated the men as a group
what did sherry ortner say in 1972?
- Male dominance was rooted in a universal form if binary thinking that opposed male to female.
- males associated with culture and females with nature
- valued culture over nature (males or females)
- women always seen closer to nature because of their bodily function - birth, pregnancy, lactation.
many feminist anthropologists _______ the views of sherry ortner.why?
oppose
they thought that male domination should be considered more in the light of social economic and political views/factors
Leacock showed how…
western capitalism transforms egalitarian (equal) gender relations into unequal, male dominated gender relations
what is androgyny?
an individual person that possesses both male and female characteristics
what is feminist anthropology?
cross - cultural collaboration and debate about sex gender and sexuality continued following the second wave of feminism.
how is women’s studies different from feminism?
- emphasizes that distinction and questions class and racial issues of women - particularly those who are not white, middle class.
what are gender studies?
combining the study of women men sex gender and sexuality into one inclusive field.
what are men’s studies?
study of different ways of being a man in different times and places - masculinities - grew alongside women’s studies.
what is intersectionality?
The notion that institutional forms of oppression organized in terms of race, class, and gender are interconnected and shape the opportunities and constraints available to individuals in any society.
every woman has multiple identities that intersect and complicate each other; taken together, they locate each woman differently (and, sometimes, surprisingly) with respect to other women (or men).
what is gender performativity?
gender is something we perform or enact, something we do not something we act
-not something we are born with
what is transvestism?
dressing and taking on the mannerisms associated with a gender other than ones own. (speech dress movement)
Michel Foucaults ________
notion of power
foucaults writings highlight…
the way social power acts on individual bodies.
how like schools and armies can reguate actions of bodies to make them more efficent
or how modern socitety can regulate individual bodies - improve well being or invtervine (ivf)
what are some technologies that have positively impacted natural biological processes?
IVF
Sperm banks
Surogacy
what is sexuallity?
how individuals experience and value physical desire and pleasure
- who you are sexually attracted to
what is sexualities? (plural)
how sexual desires and pleasures are shaped by larger social cultural and political structures of the society in which ppl live.
what is intersex?
individuals with ambiguous genitalia.
sex vs gender
sex- the observable characteristics that distinguish females and males
gender - the cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors’ considered appropriate for each sex - how you identify as a person.
heterosexuality
man and woman
heteronormality
considering heterosexuality as the normal sexual relation
heterosexism
sex bias against all those who are not heterosexual
homosexuality
same sex attraction/sexuality
gay
self -designated homosexual
lesbian
female same sex attraction
bisexuality
attraction to both males and females
pansexuality
sexual attraction to males and females and transgender males and females
queer
a person whose gender falls outside the range of defined by hetero-homo sexualities
two-spirited
considered a third gender
