Chapter 8 129

Question 1

community ecology 131

Answer 1

study of all populations living and interacting in area

Question 2

The species that are particularly vulnerable to ecosystem perturbations, and can give us advance warning of a problem

Answer 2

Indicator species

Question 3

All organisms in given area plus physical environment in which the interact

Answer 3

Ecosystem

Question 4

Simple, linear path starting with a plant, that identifies what each organism eats

Answer 4

Food chain

Question 5

Linkage of all the food chains together that shows the many connections

Answer 5

Food web

Question 6

A photosynthetic organism that captures solar energy directly & uses it to produce its own food (sugar)

Answer 6

Producer

Question 7

Organism that eats other organisms to gain energy & nutrients; includes animals, fungi, most bacteria

Answer 7

Consumer

Question 8

Feeding levels in food chain

Answer 8

Tropic levels

Question 9

Consumers (worms, insects, crabs) who eat dead organic material

Answer 9

Detrivores

Question 10

Consumers (worms, insects, crabs) who eat dead organic material

Answer 10

Detrivores

Question 11

Examples of decomposers (2)

Answer 11

Bacteria, fungi

Question 12

Organisms - break down organic matter to constituent atoms or molecules in form that plants can take back up

Answer 12

Decomposers

Question 13

Total amount of energy captured via photosynthesis & transferred to organic molecules in ecosystem

Answer 13

Gross primary productivity

Question 14

Measure of amt of energy captured via photosynthesis & stored in the photosynthetic organism

Answer 14

Net primary productivity NPP

Question 15

Role species plays in community, how it gets energy, nutrients, interactions within ecosystem

Answer 15

Niche

Question 16

Physical environment - individuals of species found

Answer 16

Habitat

Question 17

Ability of ecosystem to recover

Answer 17

Resilience

Question 18

Variety of species in area; includes richness & evenness

Answer 18

Species diversity

Question 19

Total # of different species in community

Answer 19

Species richness

Question 20

Relative abundance of each species

Answer 20

Species evenness

Question 21

Regions of distinctly different physical areas, boundaries between diff communities

Answer 21

Ecotones

Question 22

Different physical makeup of ecotone creates different conditions that attract or repel certain species

Answer 22

Edge effects

Question 23

Species that prefer edges of 2 different habitats (ecotone area)

Answer 23

Edge species

Question 24

Species that prefer core of habitat, away from edge

Answer 24

Core species

Question 25

Species that impacts community more than its mere abundance would predict

Answer 25

Keystone species

Question 26

Species interaction - vying for limited resources

Answer 26

Competition

Question 27

Competition between members of same species

Answer 27

Intraspecific competition

Question 28

Competition between individuals of different species

Answer 28

Interspecific competition

Question 29

When different species use different parts of resource, rather than competing directly for exactly same resource

Answer 29

Resource partitioning

Question 30

Close biological or ecological relationship between 2 species

Answer 30

Symbiosis

Question 31

Symbiotic relationship - 2 species, both parties benefit

Answer 31

Mutualism

Question 32

Symbiotic relationship - 2 species: 1 benefits, other unaffected

Answer 32

Commensalism

Question 33

Symbiotic relationship - 2 species: 1 benefits, other negatively affected (form of predation)

Answer 33

Parasitism

Question 34

Science - repair of damaged or disturbed ecosystems

Answer 34

Restoration ecology

Question 35

progressive replacement of plant (and then animal) species in a community over time due to changing conditions created by the plants themselves create (shade, more soil)

Answer 35

ecological succession

Question 36

ecological succession occurs in area where no ecosystem existed before (bare rock w/no soil)

Answer 36

primary succession

Question 37

Plant species that move into area - early stages of succession. often r species, annuals

Answer 37

pioneer species

Question 38

species of plant that live 1 year, leave behind seeds, then die

Answer 38

annuals

Question 39

ecological succession that occurs in ecosystem that has been disturbed:

Answer 39

secondary succession

Question 40

Species that move into an area at later stages of ecological succession

Answer 40

climax species

Question 41

end stage of ecological succession: conditions created by climax species suitable for plants that created them, persist as long as environment unchanged

Answer 41

climax community