Chapter 2 Science and the SKY Flashcards
Information detected with the senses, or with equipment that extends our senses
observations
inferences
conclusions we draw based on observations
atmosphere
blanket of gases that surrounds earth and other planets. made up of layers which differ in temp, density, and gas composition
troposphere
region of atmosphere that starts at ground level and extends upward about 7 miles
stratosphere
region of atmosphere that starts at top of troposphere and extends up about 31 miles. contains ozone layer
ozone
molecule with 3 oxygen atoms that absorbs UV radiation in the stratosphere
replication with a study
multiple data points collected at more than one testing site
scientific investigation
based on data gathered thru empirical evidence (observations). physical phenomena objectively observed, collected
CFCs contain
carbon, fluorine, and chlorine.
UV radiation
short wavelength electromagnetic energy emitted by Sun.
science
body of knowledge, facts and explanations, re natural world, and process used to get that knowledge
empirical evidence
info gathered via observation of physical phenomena
correlation
2 things occur together, not necessarily mean one caused the other
cause-and-effect relationship
association between 2 variables that identifies one (the effect) occurring as result of or in response to the other (cause)
scientific method
procedure used to empirically test a hypothesis
hypothesis
possible explanation for what we have observed that is based on previous knowledge
testable
possible explanation that generates predictions for which empirical evidence can be collected to verify or refute hypothesis
prediction
statement that identifies what is expected to happen in given situation
falsifiable
idea or prediction that can be proved wrong by evidence
observational study
research that gathers data in real world setting w/o intentionally manipulating any variable
experimental study
research that manipulates a variable in a test group and compares response to control group that was not exposed to same variable
control group
group in experimental study that test group’s result are compared to, will differ from test group in only one way
test group
group in experimental study that is manipulated such that it differs from control group in only 1 way
independent variable
variable in experiment that researcher manipulates or changes to see if it produces an effect
dependent variable
variable that is evaluated to see if it changes due to the conditions of the experiment
peer-reviewed
work submitted to outside experts who evaluate study’s design and results to determine if high enough quality to publish