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Preparation for Physics Final > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is another term for momentum?

A

inertia in motion

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2
Q

What is the formula for momentum?

A

mass x velocity (mv)

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3
Q

When direction is not important then, what is the formula for momentum?

A

mass x speed

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4
Q

A moving object can have a large__________, if it has a large _________, a high _________, or both?

A

momentum; mass; speed

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5
Q

Who has more momentum: a car and a truck moving at the same speed?

A

the truck b/c it has more mass

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6
Q

Who has more momentum: a fast car or a slow truck?

A

fast car

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7
Q

Does a truck at rest have momentum?

A

NO

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8
Q

If the momentum changes, what also may have changed?

A

mass or the velocity

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9
Q

If the mass remains unchanged what changed?

A

The velocity and the acceleration

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10
Q

What produces acceleration?

A

Force

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11
Q

The greater the ________ on an object, the __________ its change in __________, and hence the __________ its change in __________.

A

force; greater; velocity; greater; momentum

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12
Q

The change in momentum depends on the ________that acts and the _________of time it acts.

A

force; length

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13
Q

If youn apply a brief force to a stalled automobile, you produce a ________ in its __________.

A

change; momentum

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14
Q

If you apply a force over an extended period of time and you produce a _________________ in the automobile’s momentum.

A

greater change

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15
Q

A force sustained for a long time produces more _________ in momentum than does the same force applied briefly.

A

change

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16
Q

The quantity force x time interval is called

A

impulse

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17
Q

The formula for impulse

A

force x time interval (Ft)

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18
Q

The greater the _______ exerted on something, the greater will be the change in ________.

A

impulse; momentum

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19
Q

impulse=change in momentum

A

Ft=mchangev

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20
Q

What does the impulse-momentum relationship help us analyze?

A

A variety of situations where the momentum changes.

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21
Q

21). To increase the momentum of an object, it makes sense to apply the ___________ possible for as long as possible

A

greatest force

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22
Q

Examples of 21).

A

A golfer teeing off and a baseball player trying for a homerun do both of these things when they swing as hard as possible and follow through with their swing.

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23
Q

The forces involved in impulses usually vary from

A

instant to instant.

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24
Q

A golf club exerts ______force on a ball until it hits it.

A

zero

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25
Q

When you hit either the wall of a haystack and come to a stop, your momentum is decreased by the ________impulse.

A

same

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26
Q

The same impulse means the same amount of force or the same amount of time. T or F

A

False

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27
Q

What does impulse mean?

A

The product of force and time

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28
Q

By hitting the haystack instead of the wall, you extend

A

the time during which your momentum is brought to zero.

29
Q

A longer contact force reduces the ________ and decreases the resulting _________

A

force; deceleration

30
Q

If time is extended 100 times, the force of impact is reduced how many times?

A

100 times

31
Q

Whenever we wish the force to be small, we extend the

A

time

32
Q

32). When jumping from an elevated position down to the ground, you should

A

Bend your knees when your feet make contact with the ground

33
Q

When you bend your knees in 32). you extend the _______during which your _________ decreases by 10 to 20 times that of a stiff-legged, abrupt landing.

A

time; momentum

34
Q

In 32). the resulting force on your bones is __________ by 10 or 20 times

A

reduced

35
Q

A wrestler thrown to the floor tries to extend his _______ of hitting the mat by relaxing his muscles and spreading the __________ into a series of smaller ones as his foot, knee, hip, ribs, and shoulder successively hit the mat.

A

time; impulse

36
Q

When a boxer gets punched, the __________provided by the boxer’s jaw must counteract the ___________of the punch.

A

impulse; momentum

37
Q

When the boxer moves away from the punch, he increases the _____________________ and reduces the __________.

A

time of contact; force

38
Q

A dish falling on the carpet: since time is longer hitting the carpet than the sidewalk, a _____________force results.

A

smaller force

39
Q

What are greater when an object bounces?

A

impulses

40
Q

The impulse required to bring an object to a stop and then to “throw it back again” is ________than the impulse required merely to bring the object to a stop.

A

greater

41
Q

If you catch a falling flowerpot what did you provide to reduce its momentum to zero.

A

impulse

42
Q

It takes greater __________to catch a falling pot and throw it upward again.

A

impulse

43
Q

What supplies the impulse if a flower pot if it bounces off your head?

A

Your head

44
Q

Were the waterwheels used in gold mining operations effective?

A

No

45
Q

What was the problem with the waterwheels?

A

The flat paddles on the water wheels.

46
Q

What did Lester A. Pelton design?

A

The curve-shaped paddle

47
Q

What did Pelton’s design do?

A

It made a U-turn upon impact with the paddle.

48
Q

What did the U-turn paddle do?

A

The water “bounced” the impulse exerted on the waterwheel increased.

49
Q

If you wish to change the momentum, you have to exert an __________ on it.

A

impulse

50
Q

To change the momentum of a basketball or a car an outside ______ or _______ is required.

A

push; pull

51
Q

If an outside force is present, no change in momentum is possible. T or F

A

False

52
Q

In a cannonball and cannon action and reaction system.
Did the momentum change?

A

No, because the internal forces canceled and there were no external forces.

53
Q

Is momentum a vector quantity?

A

Yes

54
Q

When the cannonball is fired it gains ________ but it also gains _________ in the opposite direction.

A

momentum; momentum

55
Q

A system will have the same _________ before some _______ interaction as it has after the interaction occurs.

A

momentum; internal

56
Q

What does the law of conservation describe?

A

the momentum of a system

57
Q

The law of conservation of momentum states that, in the _________of an __________force, the ___________of a system remains ______________.

A

absence; external; momentum; unchanged

58
Q

If a system undergoes changes wherein all forces are internal, the net momentum of the system before and after is the…

A

same

59
Q

Whenever objects collide in the absence of external forces, the net momentum of both objects before the collison equals the…

A

net momentum of both objects after the collison.

60
Q

When a moving billard ball collides head on with a ball at rest, the first ball comes to ______ and the second ball moves away with a velocity ________ to the _________ velocity of the first ball.

A

rest; equal; initial

61
Q

When objects collide w/o being permanently deformed and w/o generating heat, this collision is _________

A

elastic

62
Q

In elastic collisons the sum of momentum vectors is the _______ before and after each collision

A

same

63
Q

A collision in which the colliding objects become distorted and generate heat during the collision is…

A

inelastic

64
Q

Does momentum conservation hold true for inelastic collisons?

A

yes

65
Q

Whenever colliding objects become tangled or coupled up, what type of collision occurs?

A

a totally inelastic collision

66
Q

Do most collisions usually involve some external force?

A

yes

67
Q

Are perfect elastic collisions common in the everyday world?

A

No

68
Q

Is momentum conserved even when the interacting objects don’t move in a straight line?

A

Yes

69
Q

The ______sum of the momenta is the ______before and after a collision.

A

vector; same

Preparation for Physics Final (11 decks)

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