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Preparation for Physics Final > Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Chapter 33 Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of field is the force field that surrounds a mass?

A

a gravitational field

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2
Q

What type of path does a ball take when you throw it in the air?

A

a curved path

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3
Q

In earlier chapters, what was the explanation for a curved path?

A

there is an interaction between the ball and earth - between their centers of gravity

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4
Q

What idea bothered Isaac Newton and others?

A

The idea that things not in contact could exert a force on tings without touching them.

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5
Q

Why does a ball curve?

A

The ball interacts with Earth’s gravitational field

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6
Q

What causes a field?

A

The mass of an object.

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7
Q

Just as the space around Earth and every other mass is filled with a __________ field, the space around every electric charge is filled with an __________ field.

A

gravitational; electrical

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8
Q

What is an electric field?

A

a force field that surrounds an electric charge or group of charges.

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9
Q

What does an electrical force hold in place?

A

an electron in orbit about a proton.

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10
Q

There is no contact between the objects, and the forces are…

A

acting at a distance

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11
Q

The satellite and electron interact with the _____ _____ of the planet and the proton and are everywhere in ______ with these fields.

A

force; fields; contact

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12
Q

The force that one electric charge exerts on another can be described as the…

A

interaction between one charge and the electric field set up by the other

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13
Q

An electric field has both magnitude and direction. True or False?

A

True

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14
Q

The magnitude (strength) of an electric field can be measured by…

A

its effect on charges located in the field

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15
Q

Where the force is greatest on the test charge (a small positive test charge), the field is ________. Where the force on the test charge is weak, the field is ______.

A

strongest; small

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16
Q

The direction of an electric field at any point, by convention, is…

A

the direction of the electrical force on a small positive test charge placed at that point

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17
Q

If the charge that sets up the field is positive, the field…

A

points away from that charge

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18
Q

An electric field is a scalar quantity. True or false?

A

false, it is a vector quantity

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19
Q

The magnitude of the field is indicated by…

A

the length of the vectors.

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20
Q

The electric field is greater where…

A

the vectors are long than it is where the vectors are short.

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21
Q

You can use electric field lines (also called lines of force) to represent an electric field. Where the lines are ______ apart, the field is weaker.

A

farther

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22
Q

For an isolated charge, the lines extend to…

A

infinity

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23
Q

For two or more opposite charges, the lines…

A

emanate from a positive charge and terminate on a negative charge

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24
Q

Why is the occupant in the car and the car safe when it was struck by lightning?

A

The electrons that shower down upon the car are mutually repelled and spread over the outer metal surface, finally discharging when additional sparks jump from the car’s body to the ground. The configuration of electrons on the car’s surface at any moment is such that the electric fields inside the car practically cancel to zero. This is true of any charged conductor.

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25
Q

If the charge on a conductor is not moving, then…

A

the electric field inside the conductor is zero.

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26
Q

The absence of electric field within a conductor holding static charge does not arise from…

A

the inability of an electric field to penetrate metals.

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27
Q

Where does the absence of electric field within a conductor holding static charge does arise from?

A

It comes about because free electrons within the conductor can “settle” and stop moving only when the electric field is zero. So the charges arrange themselves to ensure a zero field within the material.

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28
Q

Because of mutual repulsion…

A

The electrons spread as far apart from one another as possible. They distribute themselves uniformly over the surface of the sphere.

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29
Q

A positive test charge located exactly in the middle of the sphere would feel…

A

no force

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30
Q

The electrons on the left side of the sphere would tend to pull the positive test charge to the left but the electrons on the right side of the sphere would…

A

tend to pull the test charge to the right, equally as hard. This makes the net charge zero on the test charge.

31
Q

Cancellation cannot occur anywhere inside the sphere. True or false.

A

False

32
Q

If the conductor is not spherical, then…

A

the charge distribution will not be uniform

33
Q

The exact charge distribution over the surface is such as that the electrical field inside the conductor is…

A

zero

34
Q

If there were an electrical field inside a conductor then free electrons inside the conductor would be set in motion. How far would they move?

A

Until equilibrium is establised

35
Q

Can you shield gravity?

A

No, because gravity only attracts

36
Q

How can you shield electric fields?

A

Surround yourself or whatever you wish to shield with a conducting surface, Put this surface in an electric field of whatever field strength, The free charges in the conductor in a way such that all field contributions inside cancel one another.

37
Q

What is work required to do?

A

To push a charged particle against the electrical field of a charged body

38
Q

The electrical potential energy of a charged particle is __________ when work is done to push it against the __________ ________ of something else that is charged.

A

increased; electrical; field

39
Q

The work is equal to…

A

the energy gained by the charge

40
Q

Electrical potential energy

A

The energy a charge has due to its location in an electric field

41
Q

If the charge, gained by electrical potential energy, is released…

A

It will accelerate in a direction away from the sphere, and its electrical potential energy will transform into kinetic energy

42
Q

If we push two charges instead…

A

we do twice as much as work

43
Q

The two charges in the same location will have ______ the electrical potential energy as one; a group of ten charges will have _____ times the potential energy

A

twice; ten

44
Q

What is the electrical potential energy per charge?

A

the total electrical potential energy divided by the amount of charge

45
Q

At any location the potential energy per charge will be…

A

the same

46
Q

What is electric potential?

A

the concept of electrical potential energy per charge

47
Q

Electric potential is the same as electric potential energy. True or False?

A

False

48
Q

What is the SI unit of measurement for electric potential?

A

the volt

49
Q

Who was the volt named after?

A

the Italian physicist Allesandro Volta (1745-1827)

50
Q

What is the formula for volt?

A

Volt=1 joule/coulomb

51
Q

What is voltage?

A

Electric potential measured in volts

52
Q

What is the significance of voltage?

A

Is that once the location of zero voltage has been specified.

53
Q

Is one coulomb a very large amount of charge?

A

Yes

54
Q

A high voltage requires…

A

great energy only if a great amount of charge is involved

55
Q

What is a capacitor?

A

Electrical energy can be stored in this common device

56
Q

Where are capacitors found?

A

In nearly all electronic circuits

57
Q

Capacitors in photoflash units store…

A

larger amounts of energy slowly and release it rapidly during the short duration of the flash

58
Q

Enormous amounts of energy are stored in…

A

banks of capacitors that power giant lasers in national laboratories

59
Q

What is the simplest capacitor?

A

A pair of conducting plates separated by a small distance, but not touching each other.

60
Q

When the plates are connected to a charging device…

A

charge is transferred from one plate to another.

61
Q

As the positive battery terminal pulls electrons from the plate connected to it…

A

These electrons in effect are pumped through the battery asn through the negative terminal to the opposite plate. Thr capacitor plates then have equal and opposite charges.

62
Q

The positive plate is connected to the…

A

positive battery terminal

63
Q

The negative plate is connected to the…

A

negative battery terminal

64
Q

When is the charging process complete?

A

When the potential difference between the plates equals the potential difference between the battery terminals

65
Q

The greater the battery voltage and the larger and closer the plates…

A

the greater the charge that is stored

66
Q

Capacitors store and hold…

A

electric charges until discharged

67
Q

When is a charged capacitor discharged?

A

When a conducting path is provided between the plates

68
Q

Can a capacitor store charge even after the electricity to a device has been turned off?

A

Yes

69
Q

The energy stored in a capacitor comes from…

A

work done to charge it

70
Q

The energy is in the form of…

A

the electric field between its plates

71
Q

Where is the energy stored in a capacitor stored?

A

In the electric field

72
Q

What are store houses of energy?

A

electric fields

73
Q

What is the Van de Graaff generator?

A

a common laboratory device for buidling up high voltages

Preparation for Physics Final (11 decks)

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