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Preparation for Physics Final > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

Where do all sounds originate from?

A

In the vibrations of material objects

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2
Q

List the process of making sounds

A

1). The orginial vibration stimulates the vibration of something larger or more massive
2). This vibrating material then sends a disturbance through a surrounding medium, usually air, in the form of longituduinal waves

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3
Q

Under ordinary conditions, the frequency of the sound waves produced ___________the frequency of the vibrating source

A

equals

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4
Q

Pitch

A

The word used to describe our sujective impression about the frequency of sound

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5
Q

A high-pitched sound has a ____________frequency

A

high vibration

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6
Q

A low-pitched sound has a ____________frequency

A

low vibration frequency

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7
Q

Sound waves with frequencies below 20 Hz are

A

Infrasonic

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8
Q

Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz are

A

Ultrasonic

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9
Q

Can humans hear infrasonic and/or ultrasonic waves?

A

No

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10
Q

When you open a door quickly…

A

The door pushes molecules from their original positions, into their neighbors, and so on, like a compression wave, until a curtain flaps out the window. A pulse of compressed air has moved from the door to the curtain.

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11
Q

Compression

A

A pulse of compressed air

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12
Q

When you quickly close the door, the door pushes neighboring air molecules out of the room, what happens?

A

This produces an area of low pressure next to the door, neighboring molecules then move into it, leaving a zone of lower pressure behind them. Other molecules farther from the door move into these rarefied regions, resulting in a pulse of rarefied air moving from the door to the curtain.

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13
Q

Rarefied

A

The air in the zone of low pressure

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14
Q

Rarefaction

A

The pulse of low-pressure air

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15
Q

For all wave motion, it is not the medium that travels actoss the room, but…

A

a pulse that travels

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16
Q

As a source of sound _________, a series of ___________and ______________travels outward from the source

A

vibrates; compressions; rarefactions

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17
Q

Most sounds you hear are transmitted through…

A

the air

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18
Q

Sound travels in…

A

solids, liquids, and gases

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19
Q

What types of matter are generally good conductors?

A

gases and liquids

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20
Q

The speed of sound differs in different materials. T or F

A

T

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21
Q

Sound is transmitted faster in ______, than in ________, and still faster in _______.

A

liquids; gases; solids

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22
Q

The transmission of sound requires a…

A

medium

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23
Q

If there is nothing to compress and expand…

A

there can be no sound

24
Q

Which is faster sound or light?

A

light

25
Q

The speed of sound in a _____depends on the ___________of the _________and the _______of the particles in the gas

A

gas; temperature; gas; mass

26
Q

For each degree increase in air temp. above 0 degrees Celsius, the speed of sound in air increases by about…

A

0.60 m/s

27
Q

At a normal room temp of 20 C, sound travels…

A

about 340 m/s

28
Q

The speed of sou nd in a solid amterial depends not on the material’s density but its..

A

elasticity

29
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of a material to change shape in response to an applied force, and then resume its initial shape once the distroting force is removed

30
Q

THe speed of sound depends on an object’s…

A

Elasticity

31
Q

The intensity of a sound is proportional to the…

A

square of the amplitude of a sound wave

32
Q

Sound intensity is _______and is measured by _________.

A

objective; instruments

33
Q

Loudness is a ________sensation sensed in the brain.

A

physiological

34
Q

What is the unit of intensity.

A

decibel

35
Q

An increase of each 10dB means that sound intensity increases by a factor of 10. T or F

A

T

36
Q

Physiological hearing damage begins at exposure to …

A

85 dB

37
Q

When any object composed of an _______material is _________, it vibrates at its own special set of frequencies, which together form its special sound.

A

elastic; disturbed

38
Q

natural frequency

A

the frequency at which an object vibrates when it is disturbed

39
Q

What does natural frequency depend on?

A

The elasticity of the object

40
Q

A natrual frequency is one at which______________ is required to produce ___________.

A

minimum energy; vibrations

41
Q

Forced vibration

A

when an object is made to vibrate by another vibrating object that is nearby

42
Q

Resonance

A

a phenomenon that occurs when the frequency of a vibration force on an onject matched the object’s natural frequency and a dramatic increase in amplitude occurs. To re-sound

43
Q

An object resonates when there is a _______to pull it back to its starting position and enough ______ to keep it vibrating

A

force; energy

44
Q

Resonance occurs when…

A

successive impulses are applied to a vibrating object in rhythm with its natural frequency

45
Q

Can sound waves interfere?

A

Yes

46
Q

For sound, the crests of the wave = ____________, and the trough of the wave = ___________.

A

compression; rarefaction

47
Q

In either case, in a sound wave, there is a _____________and ___________.

A

constructive interference and an increase in amplitude.

48
Q

Why is destructive interference usually never a problem?

A

Bc there is usually enough reflection of sound to fill in canceled spots.

49
Q

When two tones of slightly different frequency are sounded together…

A

a regular fluctuation in the loudness of the combined sounds is heard

50
Q

Beats

A

periodic variation in the loudness of sound

51
Q

When can beats be heard?

A

When two slightly mismatched tuning forks are sounded together

52
Q

In general, when two people with different strides walk together…

A

the number of times they are in step in each unit of time is equal to the difference in the frequencies of their steps.

53
Q

When does minimum and maximum amplitude occur?

A

when both waves are in phase and out phase

54
Q

Can beats occur with any kind of wave?

A

Yes

55
Q

When the frequencies are identical, what happens to the beats?

A

They disappear

Preparation for Physics Final (11 decks)

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