Chapter 8

Question 1

The nervous system is structurally subdivided into two systems: ________ nervous system and _______ nervous system.

A. Central; Peripheral
B. Somatic; Automatic
C. Parasympathetic; Sympathetic
D. Automatic; Sympathetic

Answer 1

A. Central; Peripheral

Question 2

The “fight or flight” response during threatening situations in the role of the:
A. Sympathetic nervous system
B. Parasympathetic system
C. Somatic nervous system
D. Cerebellum

Answer 2

A. Sympathetic Nervous System

Question 3

Cranial number 3 is also known ________

A. Optic
B. Trochlear
C. Olfactory
D. Oculomotor

Answer 3

D. Oculomotor

Question 4

It consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain and contains several nuclei involve on vital body functions such as the control of heart rate, blood pressure and breathing.
A. Brainstem
B. Midbrain
C. Cerebellum
D. Cerebrum

Answer 4

A. Brainstem

Question 5

. It is involved in balance, muscle tone, and muscle coordination.

A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Brainstem
D. Spinal nerves

Answer 5

B. Cerebellum

Question 6

True or False. The right cerebral hemisphere receives sensory input from and directs movement on the right side of the body, while the left hemisphere governs corresponding functions for the left side.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

True or False. All automatic preganglionic and parasympathetic postganglionic neurons secrete acetylcholine.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

True or False. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False. The parts of the Diencephalon are thalamus, epithalamus and hypothalamus.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

True or False. Microglia help remove bacteria and cell debris from the Central Nervous System

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False. The cerebellum is involved in balance, muscle tone, and managing conscious thoughts.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

True or False. Neurons contain several axons to carry impulses to a cell body.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

List the functions of nervous system.

Answer 13

Receiving sensory input
Integrating information
Controlling muscles and glands
Maintaining homeostasis
Establishing and maintaining mental activity

Question 14

List the divisions of the nervous system

Answer 14

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

Question 15

List the lobes of the cerebrum and state a function of each.

Answer 15

The frontal lobe functions in solving problems, controlling body movements, sentence formation, and personality traits.
The occipital lobe functions in processing visual images.
The temporal lobe functions in hearing, memory formation, and learning a new language.
The parietal lobe processes sensory information it receives from the outside world, mainly relating to touch, taste, and temperature.

Question 16

What are the 3 main functions in the nervous system?

Answer 16

Sensory Input
Integration
Motor response

Question 17

What are the two basic types of ion channels?

Answer 17

Leak channels
Gated channels

Question 18

What are the lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 18

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

Question 19

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

Answer 19

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

Question 20

List the 3 structural classifications of neuron.

Answer 20

Multipolar Neurons
Bipolar Neurons
Pseudo-unipolar Neurons

Question 21

Is a point of contact between two neurons or between a neuron and another cell, such as a muscle or gland cells.

Answer 21

SYNAPSES

Question 22

Is the neuronal pathway by which a reflex occurs and has five basic components.

Answer 22

Reflex Arc

Question 23

What are the two types of cells that make up the nervous system:

Answer 23

Neurons and Glial cells

Question 24

The human nervous system is capable of a wide range of functions. What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

Answer 24

Neuron

Question 25

Consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths, which are whitish in color.

Answer 25

White matter

Question 26

Are the supportive cells of the CNS and NS, meaning these cells do not conduct action potentials

Answer 26

Glial cells

Question 27

_____ is a junction where the axon of one neuron interacts with another neuron or with cells of an effector organ, such as a muscle or gland.

Answer 27

Synapse

Question 28

It sends electrical signals between brain, spinal cord and the rest of your body.

Answer 28

Spinal Nerves

Question 29

Compare the central and peripheral nervous system.

Answer 29

CNS consists of brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists of all the nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 30

List the lobes of the cerebrum and state a function of each

Answer 30

The frontal lobe functions in solving problems, controlling body movements, sentence formation, and personality traits. The occipital lobe functions in processing visual images. The temporal lobe functions in hearing, memory formation, and learning a new language.

Question 31

Give the definition for synapses, as well as the two types of synapses and their meanings.

Answer 31

The synapse is a tiny space between two neurons in which a neurotransmitter relays nerve impulses from a presynaptic neuron's axon to a postsynaptic neuron's dendrite. Chemical and electrical synapses are indeed the two main types of synapses found in the brain. A chemical synapse is a space between two neurons via which information is communicated chemically in the form of neurotransmitter molecules. An electrical synapse is a space between two neurons that is connected by channel proteins, allowing an electrical signal to pass through it directly.

Question 32

What are the similarities between axial and appendicular skeleton?

Answer 32

Axial and appendicular skeleton are the two parts of the skeleton of vertebrates including humans. Both are made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments. They provide sites for the attachment of muscles. Both aid in the movement of the body.

Question 33

Describe left and right cerebral hemisphere

Answer 33

The left hemisphere is thought to be the dominant analytical hemisphere, and the right hemisphere is thought to be dominant for spatial reception and musical ability.

Question 34

State where the cerebellum is located.

Answer 34

Cerebellum is located at the back of the brain, underlying the occipital and temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex.

Question 35

What are the three major components when describing the structure of a synapse?

Answer 35

The "presynaptic membrane" which is formed by the terminal button of an axon. The "postsynaptic terminal" which is composed of a segment of dendrite or cell body. The space between these two structures which is called the "synaptic cleft".

Question 36

Describe Spinal Cord and how it related to spinal nerve.

Answer 36

The spinal cord is an extension of the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord begins at the bottom of the brain stem (at the area called the medulla oblongata) and ends in the lower back, as it tapers to form a cone called the conus medullaris.Near the spinal cord each spinal nerve branches into two roots. One, composed of sensory fibers, enters the spinal cord via the dorsal root, its cell bodies lie in a spinal ganglion that is outside the spinal cord.

Question 37

Compare and contrast direct and indirect pathways.

Answer 37

The direct pathways maintain muscle tone and control fine, skilled movements in the face and distal limbs. The indirect pathways control conscious and unconscious muscle movements in the trunk and proximal limbs.

Question 38

What are the two division of Autonomic Nervous System and its function?

Answer 38

Sympathetic Division - It prepares a person for action by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and release of glucose for energy. Parasympathetic Division - It is involved in involuntary activities at rest, such as digestion of food, defecation, and urination.

Question 39

You are tasked to deliver a speech. Speaking in front of an audience is extremely stressful, especially for those who suffer from stage fright. Thus, a fight-or-flight response occurs. What does the sympathetic nervous system do when the fight-or-flight response occurs?

Answer 39

The perception of stressful or dangerous situations activates the sympathetic nervous system and triggers an acute stress response that prepares the body to fight or flee. The sympathetic nervous system activates the fight-or-flight response, supplying the body with a burst of energy so that it can respond to situations that are perceived as stressful or dangerous. In these situations, the sympathetic nervous system activates to speed up our heart rate, increase blood flow to areas of the body that require more oxygen, and take other actions to help us escape from the situation we are facing.