Chapter 7

Question 1

Define muscle tone.

Answer 1

Muscle tone is the amount of tension (or resistance to movement) in muscles.

Question 2

What is the primary source for the muscular system?

Answer 2

Provide movement for the body. The muscles receive their ability to move the body through the nervous system.

Question 3

Specifically, what is responsible for the banding pattern in skeletal muscle cells?

Answer 3

The alignment of the bands on the myofilaments is responsible for the banding pattern in skeletal muscle cells.

Question 4

Identify if what is Action Potential?

Answer 4

It occurs when the excitable cell is stimulated. It is a reversal of the resting membrane potential such that the inside of cell membrane becomes positively charge compared with the outside

Question 5

Define adenelyte kinase.

Answer 5

It transfers one phosphate from one ADP to a second ADP, resulting in one ATP and one AMP.

Question 6

Define excess post exercise oxygen consumption.

Answer 6

The lag time between breathing returns to its pre exercise rate once exercise stops.

Question 7

Where does stenocleidomastoid easily seen? Explain its contraction.

Answer 7

It is easily seen on the anterior and lateral sides of the neck. It is a contaction of only one muscle that rotates the head it can either flex or extend the head and neck.

Question 8

What is the muscle that can be found on the posterior surface of the leg?

Answer 8

Gastrocnemius

Question 9

What is tendon and the function of it?

Answer 9

A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue that attaches to the bone and it serves to move the bone or structure

Question 10

What are the phases of twitch?

Answer 10

lag phase
contraction phase
relaxation phase

Question 11

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 11

does not require dioxygen and involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP and lactate.

Question 12

What are the two main aspects of muscle fiber contraction?

Answer 12

Electrical component & Mechanical component

Question 13

What are the two types of ion channels?

Answer 13

Leak and gated

Question 14

This is a rapid event that will cause the sarcomers to shorten and the muscle will contract.

Answer 14

Cross-Bridge Movement

Question 15

It consists of a single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers innervates.

Answer 15

motor units

Question 16

It transfers the phosphate from creatine phosphate to ADP that will immediately produce ATP.

Answer 16

Creatine kinase

Question 17

What is the first step of anaerobic respiration of enzymatic pathway?

Answer 17

Glycolysis

Question 18

t occurs when there is too little ATP to bind to the myosin myofilaments.

Answer 18

Physiological contraction B

Question 19

It is a band of connective tissue that holds fown the tendons at each wrist and ankles.

Answer 19

Retinaculum

Question 20

How do the movements promoted by skeletal muscle differ from those promoted by smooth muscle?

Answer 20

Skeletal muscle movements can be very forcedul and rapid, whereas smooth muscle movements tend to be slow and ofrern rhythmic

Question 21

It is the electrical charge difference across the cell membrane of an unstimulated cell is called

Answer 21

Resting Membrane Potential

Question 22

What would happen to skeletal muscle if the epimysium were destroyed?

Answer 22

Muscles would lose their integrity during powerful movements, resulting in muscle damage

Question 23

Are specialized nerve cells that stimulate muscles to contract?

Answer 23

motor neurons

Question 24

Each branch forms a junction with a muscle fiber called.

Answer 24

neuromuscular junction

Question 25

What is the function of action potential in the motor neuron?

Answer 25

to stimulate the release of Ach (acetycholine)

Question 26

Describe how the terms muscle cells, muscle fibres, and myocytes relate to each other.

Answer 26

Both muscle fibres and myocytes are muscle cells. The term muscle fibre is mainly used to describe muscle cells in skeletal and cardiac muscles. The term myocyte is mainly used to describe muscle cells in smooth muscles

Question 27

What types of neurons have two processes: one dendrite and one axon. It is located in some sensory organs, such as retina of the eye and in the nasal cavity.

Answer 27

Bipolar neurons

Question 28

This is a major energy source in a hurdle race to the leg muscles?

Answer 28

Oxidative metabolism

Question 29

Describe the hamstring muscle.

Answer 29

three muscles run down the back of your leg, from your thigh to your knee. The biscepsfemuris, semitendinusus, and semembranosus and help you bend your knee and extend your hip. As a group they are known as the hamstring

Question 30

It is a group of synergists if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement. It is called.

Answer 30

Prime Mover

Question 31

Give atleast 4 major functions of the muscular system.

Answer 31

Movement of the body Maintenance of posture Respiration Production of the body heat Communication Constriction of organs and vessels Contraction of the heart

Question 32

Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

Answer 32

Aerobic respiration, which occurs mostly in mitochondria, requires O2 and breaks down glucose to produce ATP, CO2, and H2O. Anaerobic respiration, which does not require O2, breaks down glucose to produce ATP and lactate

Question 33

What are the two types of muscle contraction? Explain each type.

Answer 33

Isometric contractions- this is the type of contraction that the muscle does not shorten and it increases the tension in the muscle, but the length of the muscle stays the same time. Isotonic contractions- the type of contraction that the muscle shortens and this increases the tension in the muscle and decreases the length of the muscle.

Question 34

List down the seven most common characteristics used to name the muscles:

Answer 34

location size shape orientation of fasies origin and insertion number of heads function

Question 35

Enumerate the four pairs of mastification?

Answer 35

1. temporalis 2. masseter 3 & 4. Pterygoid

Question 36

Muscles That Position the Pectoral Girdle

Answer 36

The pectoral girdle, or shoulder girdle, consists of the lateral ends of the clavicle and scapula, along with the proximal end of the humerus, and the muscles covering these three bones to stabilize the shoulder joint.

Question 37

Enumerate the cell shapes of Skeletal Muscle, Smooth Muscle, and Cardiac Muscle.

Answer 37

Skeletal Muscle — Long, cylindrical Smooth Muscle — Spindle-shaped Cardiac Muscle — Branched, cylindrical

Question 38

List the two proteins are located in the actin filament.

Answer 38

1. Troponin 2. tropomysium

Question 39

List the function of hamstring muscle.

Answer 39

Play a vital role bend your knees helping you walk extend your legs

Question 40

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 40

Sensory motor Motor neurons Inter neurons

Question 41

A loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber. A. Pesimysium B. Endomysium C. Epimysium D. Perimysium

Answer 41

B. Endomysium

Question 42

A small band of dense, white and fibrous elastic tissue is grouped as: (a) ligament (b) muscle junction (c) muscle filament (d) muscle cartilage

Answer 42

A. Ligament

Question 43

The Functional Unit of Contractile System in Striated Muscle Is A. Sarcomere B .Myofibril C .Cross Bridges D .Z Band

Answer 43

A. Sarcomere

Question 44

DESCRIBE THE SLIDING FILAMENT THEORY.

Answer 44

upon stimulation, the calcium will remove the troponin and the binding receptor will be open, then, the myocin head will be attached to the binding receptor. the thin filamen will slide to the thick filamen and movement will happen.