Chapter 10 Flashcards
Determine the four classes of chemical messengers.
Autocrine Chemical Messengers
Paracrine Chemical Messengers
Neurotransmitters
Endocrine Chemical Messengers
Differentiate between positive and negative feedback.
Positive feedback loops enhance or amplify changes; this tends to move a system away from its equilibrium state and make it more unstable.
Negative feedbacks tend to dampen or buffer changes; this tends to hold a system to some equilibrium state making it more stable.
Allows cells to communicate with each other to regulate body activities
Chemical Messengers
These are chemical substances that are excreted by endocrine cell into extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic activity of other cell in the body.
Hormones
The hypothalamus makes two hormones ______ and _____ that are stored by the posterior pituitary.
Oxytocin; Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Identify the two chemical categories of hormones.
lipid-soluble hormones (steroid hormones and thyroid hormones)
water-soluble hormones (proteins, peptides and amino acid derivatives.
Hormones secreted b the adrenal cortex are known as:
Corticoids
What are the three types of stimuli result in hormone secretion?
humoral, neural, and hormonal
Describe the major age related changes that occur in the Endocrine System.
The endocrine system undergoes age-related changes that negatively affect its functioning. As a result of these changes, older people are more prone to disturbed sleep patterns, have a reduced metabolic rate, lose bone density, accumulate body fat, and show increases in blood glucose.
A receptors that bind to DNA have fingerlike projections that recognize and bind to specific nucleotide sequences in the DNA are called?
Hormone Response Elements
Where does the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deliver to?
Thyroid gland
Where does the follicle-stimulating hormone deliver to?
Ovaries and testes
What are the two process that regulate the overall blood levels of hormones?
Negative and Positive Feedbacks
In the United States, the most common endocrine disease is diabetes. How can it be treated?
Taking insulin or other diabetes medicines is often part of treating diabetes. In addition to making healthy food and beverage choices, getting physical activity, getting enough sleep, and managing stress, medicines can help you manage the disease.
What are the major endocrine organs of the body?
Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Pineal Gland, Thymus Glands, Pancreas And Gonads
If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells of the pancreas production of which hormone would be directly affected?
Glucagon
What happens if a mass loses both of his testicles?
Sperm cannot be made an a man becomes infertile. Also, without testicles a man cannot make enough testosterone, which can decrease sex drive and affect his ability to have erections
Determine the ten Regulatory functions of the endocrine system.
Metabolism
Control of food intake and digestion
Tissue development
Ion regulation
Water balance
Heart rate and blood pressure regulation
Control of blood glucose and other nutrients
Control of reproductive functions
Uterine contractions and milk release
Immune system regulation
Multiple births are observed commonly in women treated for infertility with drugs that stimulate the release of gonadotropic hormones. What could be the reason?
The reason for this is that gonadotropin hormones stimulates the ovaries to generate more than one follicle. The stimulation of multiple follicles such as the creation of multiple eggs is the primary way to enhance fertility, which explains why infertile women became fertile and have a chance to conceive when treated with a drug that stimulates gonadotropin hormones.
The hypothalamus makes two hormones, ____________ and ______________, that are stored by the posterior pituitary.
OXYTOCIN and ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
The capillary beds and veins that transport the releasing and inhibiting hormones are called what?Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
The capillary beds and veins that transport the releasing and inhibiting hormones are called what?
Hypothalamic - pituitary portal system
What is adrenal composed of?
ADRENAL GLANDS
ADRENAL MEDULLA
ADRENAL CORTEX
What are the other hormones produced and released by cells of the chorionic villi (fingerlike projections in the endometrium) within the placenta –
similar to LH, targets the ovary (the one that released the oocyte) to influence the corpus luteum to remain functional (continue secreting progesterone) in order to maintain the endometrium during pregnancy (gestation) – secretion begins shortly after implantation – is the hormone tested for to indicate pregnancy.
HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN
