Chapter 7 Vocab Flashcards
the process of getting info into the memory system
encoding
the process of retaining encoded information over time
storage
the process of getting info out of memory storage
retrieval
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system
sensory memory
activated memory that holds a few items briefly (such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing) before the info is stored or forgotten
short term memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system includes knowledge, skills, and experiences
long term memory
a newer understanding of short term memory that stresses conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spacial info, and of info retrieved from long-term memory
working memory
memory of facts and personal events you can consciously retrieve(also called declarative memory)
explicit memory
effortful processing
the encoding that requires attention and conscious effort
retaining learned skills, or classically conditioned associations, without conscious awareness (Non declarative memory)
implicit memory
automatic processing
unconscious encoding of everyday info, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned info, such as word meaning
organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically
chunking
memory aids especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
mnemonics
what is the spacing effect
the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention that is achieved through massed study or practice
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simple rereading, information. Also sometimes referred to as retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning
testing effect
a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage
hippocampus
what is a flashbulb memory
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
an increase in a synapse’s firing potential. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory
long-term potentiation
memory demonstrated by retrieving info learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
recall
memory demonstrated by identifying items previously learned, as on a multiple- choice test
recognition
memory demonstrated by time saved when learning material a second time
relearning
what is a retrieval cue
any stimulus linked to a specific memory
the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
priming
the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with your current good or bad mood
mood-congruent memory
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list
serial position effect
what is amnesia
literally without memory- a loss of memory, often due to the brain trauma, injury, or disease
lasting physical changes in the brain as a memory forms
memory trace
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new info
proactive interference
the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
retroactive interference
what is repression
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness the thoughts, feelings, and memories that arouse anxiety
when a memory has been corrupted by misleading info
misinformation effect
faulty memory of how, when, or where info was learned or imagined
source amnesia
that eerie sense that “I’ve experienced this before” Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
déjà but
The persistence of learning over time through encoding, storage, and retrieval of info
memory
