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psychology > Chapter 5 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

the process by which our brain organizes and interprets sensory info., transforming it into meaningful objects and events

A

perception

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2
Q

analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory information

A

bottom up processing

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3
Q

info processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

A

top- down processing

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4
Q

changing one form of energy into another

A

transduction

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5
Q

the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

A

absolute threshold

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6
Q

below our absolute threshold for conscious awareness

A

subliminal

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7
Q

activating, often unconsciously, associations in our mind, thus setting us up to perceive, remember, or respond to objects or events in certain ways

A

priming

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8
Q

the minimum DIFFERENCE between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time

A

difference threshold

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9
Q

The principle that: To Be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage

A

weber’s Law

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10
Q

reduced sensitivity in response to constant stimulation

A

sensory adaption

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11
Q

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

A

perpetual set

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12
Q

the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next

A

wavelength

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13
Q

the dimensions of color that is determined by the wavelength of light: what we know as the color names blue green and so forth

A

hue

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14
Q

the amount of energy in a light wave or sound wave, which influences what we perceive as brightness or loudness. Intensity is determined by wave’s amplitude (height)

A

intensity

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15
Q

the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye: what does it do

A

retina: it contains the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual info

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16
Q

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray; and why r they necessary

A

Rods: they are necessary for peripheral and twilight vision when cones don’t respond

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17
Q

retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center or the retina ; what do they do

A

in day light or well lit conditions, cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensation

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18
Q

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

A

optic nerve

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19
Q

the process by which our sensory receptor and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment

A

sensation

20
Q

The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye; this part of the retina is blind because it has no receptor cells

A

blind spot

21
Q

nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as edges, lines, and angles

A

feature detectors

22
Q

the processing of many aspects of a problem or scene at the same time; the brains natural mode of information processing for many functions, including vision

A

parallel processing

23
Q

the organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings

A

figure ground

24
Q

the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into meaningful groups

A

grouping

25
Q

the ability to see objects in three dimensions, although the images that strike the retina are two-d; allows us to judge distance

A

depth perception

26
Q

a lab. device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

A

visual cliff

27
Q

a depth cue such as retinal disparity, that depends on the use of two eyes

A

binocular cue

28
Q

a binocular cue for perceiving depth. by comparing images from the two eyes, the brain computes the distance

A

retinal disparity

29
Q

a depth cue such as interposition or linear perspective, available to either eye only

A

monocular cue

30
Q

perceiving objects as unchanging (even as illumination and retinal images change

A

perceptual constancy

31
Q

perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the objects

A

color constancy

32
Q

in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

A

perceptual adaption

33
Q

the sense of act of hearing

A

audition

34
Q

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a PIONT in a given time

A

frequency

35
Q

a tone’s experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

A

pitch

36
Q

a coiled bony fluid filled tube in the inner ear; sound w aves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve impulses

A

cochlea

37
Q

hearing loss caused by damage to the cochlea’s receptor cells or to the auditory nerves; also called nerve deafness

A

sensorineural hearing loss

38
Q

hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

A

conduction hearing loss

39
Q

a device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

A

cochlear implant

40
Q

a social interaction in which one person responds to a suggestion by another person that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

A

hypnosis

41
Q

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

A

posthypnotic suggestion

42
Q

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

A

kinesthesia

43
Q

the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

A

vestibular sense

44
Q

the principle that one sense may influence another, as wen the smell of food influences taste

A

sensory interaction

45
Q

the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgements

A

embodied cognition

psychology (7 decks)

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