Chapter 11 Flashcards
what views personality with a focus on the unconscious and the importance of childhood experiences
psychodynamic theories
who did those theories come from
Sigmund Freud
what is psychoanalysis
freuds theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts: the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
what is an individual’s characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting
personality
know what the unconscious is
Ok
Freud believed the unconscious seeped into peoples daily things like what?
wok, beliefs, daily habits
what is it when in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how unimportant or embarrassing
free association
Freud believed that personality developed from three conflicting systems.. what were they?
id, ego, superego
what is the ID
unconscious energy that reacts on the pleasure principle
what is the ego
conscious executive of personality that reacts on the reality principle… balances the superego and Id
what is the superego
part of personality that represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgement and for future goals
what is the childhood stages of development during with the id’s pleasure seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones?
psychosexual stages
what are distinct pleasure sensitive areas of the body
erogenous zones
list the psychosexual stages in order
oral( sucking, biting, chewing)0-18 months, anal stage (bowel or bladder elimination) 18-36 months, phallic (pleasure zone in the genitals) 3-6 years, Latency (dormant sexual feelings) 6-puberty, genital (maturation of sexual interests)puberty on ward
what is the Oedipus complex
boy has sexual feelings for mom and develops jealousy to the rival father (Electra complex for girls)
what is the process by which acc to Freud children incorporate their parents values into their developing superegos
identification
our sense of being male or female is known as what
gender identity
what is acc to Freud a lingering focus of pleasures seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual, in which conflicts were unresolved
fixation
in psychoanalysis, what is the egos protective methods of reducing anxiety
defense mechanisms
what is the main form of defense mechanisms?
repression
what is repression?
Banishes from consciousness the thoughts, feelings, and memories that arouse anxiety
know and rehearse the other six defense mechanisms
ok
who are several hound ambitious followers of Sigmund Freud who formed an inner circle around him
neo-Freudians
list three Neo- Freudians
Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Carl Jung
in what points did Neo- Freudians differ with Freud
more emphasis on conscious plus and they didn’t believe all of the sex and aggression as ALL consuming motivations
personality tests such as the ink blot,that provides an unclear image designed to trigger projection of the tests unconscious thoughts or feelings
projective tests
the Rorschach ink blot test has low what
validity and reliability
where does psychology’s strength come from
using same scientific methods as biologists chemists and physicians
modern researches now challenge the idea of repression why?
it’s near impossible to repress bad memories
the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors
false consensus effect
humanistic psychology aims to do what
focus on the way healthy people strive for self determination and self actualization
who proposed a hierarchy of needs
Abe Maslow
I know hierarchy of needs, self actualization and self transcendence
ok
Carl Rogers said we nurture growth in what three ways
being genuine
being accepting
being empathetic
being accepting has unconditional positive regard…what is that
acc to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question… (who am I)
self concept
what do critics say about humanistic psychology
it’s based in personal opinion rather than scientific evidence…… and are vague plus humanistic psych fails to appreciate our human capacity for evil
what is a characteristic pattern of behavior or a tendency to feel and act in a certain way as assessed by self reports on personality test
trait
Gordon Allport has been less concerned with_____ traits rather than with _____them
explaining
describing
what is a cluster of behavior tendencies that occur together
factor
what two variations in personality did the Eyesynk brothers believe in
emotional stability-instability and extroversion- introversion
know what the MMPI
I’m not writing that whole definition
personality inventories do what?
used to assess selected personality traits
what is CONOE
Conscientiousness Agreeableness Neuroticism Openness Extraversion
how stable are those traits
it changes
have these traits changed over time
yes Thru culture
do we inherit these traits
50% though genes
do these traits reflect differing Brain structure or function
doesn’t correlate
how well do these traits apply to various cultures
pretty good
do the Big Five traits predict our actual behavior
yes
traits have to ____over time and ____ situations to be useful indicators of personality
persist across
as we grow older, our personality ______
stabilize
where are the places that personality can lurk
music preferences
bedrooms and offices
electronic communications
social networking sites
what is the interacting influences of behavior, internal personal factors and environment
reciprocal determination
views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context
social cognitive preferences
our sense of competence and effectiveness
self efficacy
our genetically influences traits evoke certain responses from others which may nudge us in one direction
heredity environment interaction
a person’s _____behavior predicts the _____ of ____situations
past
outcome
similar
what do social cognitive theories build from
psychological research on learning and cognition
what is self
our image and understanding of who we are…center of personality that organizes thoughts feelings and actions
the overestimating of others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance and blunders is what?
spotlight effect
our feelings of High or low self worth
self esteem
MOST people see themselves with ______ self esteem
high
