Chapter 7- Transcription

Question 1

What is transcription?

Answer 1

RNA synthesis from DNA

Question 2

What is translation?

Answer 2

protein synthesis from RNA

Question 3

Which is more reactive Ribose or Deoxyribose?

Answer 3

Ribose because of the OH2 molecule attached to it

Question 4

What is a ribozyme

Answer 4

an enzyme made of only RNA, responsible for peptide bond synthesis

Question 5

What is peptide bond synthesis

Answer 5

the linking of amino acids

Question 6

What makes Ribozyme?

Answer 6

non coding DNA

Question 7

What is ribozyme made of?

Answer 7

RNA, not proteins

Question 8

What type of RNA is translated into proteins?

Answer 8

mRNA

Question 9

Where are ribosomes located in the cell?

Answer 9

Can be found at the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes

Question 10

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Answer 10

protein synthesis

Question 11

What is transfer RNA responisble for?

Answer 11

serve as adaptors between mRNA and amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 12

Which strand is the coding strand?

Answer 12

the NON- Template strand

Question 13

What is the difference between the coding strand and the RNA transcript?

Answer 13

all T’s are converted to U’s (they are equivalent)

Question 14

How is an RNA strand read

Answer 14

5’ ——> 3’

Question 15

What is the relationship between the template strand and the RNA transcript?

Answer 15

They are complementary

Question 16

What is the Promoter Region?

Answer 16

serves as recognition site so sigma factor knows which DNA strand to bind to (upstream of txn start site)

Question 17

What does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 17

It unwinds the DNA helix and adds ribonucleotides, synthesizing the RNA in the 5’ —> 3’ direction

Question 18

Does RNA polymerase require a primer?

Answer 18

nah

Question 19

What is the Sigma Factor?

Answer 19

part of the RNA polymerase and recognizes and binds to the DNA strand

Question 20

Where is the txn start site?

Answer 20

+1

Question 21

Where does RNA polymerase stop

Answer 21

at the terminator sequences

Question 22

Where upstream are promoter sites for prokaryotic transcription?

Answer 22

-35 and -10

Question 23

In eukaryotic cells, which RNA polymerase is responsible for coding?

Answer 23

RNA Polymerase 2

Question 24

How many types of RNA Polymerase do Eukaryotic cells have compared to bacteria?

Answer 24

Eukaryotic cells have 3 types which prokaryotic cells have 1 type

Question 25

WHere does eukaryotic transcription occur?

Answer 25

in the nucleus

Question 26

WHat is RNA Polymerase 3 responisble for?

Answer 26

tRNA

Question 27

What is the TATA box?

Answer 27

It is the promoter sequence at -25

Question 28

What does TBP do?

Answer 28

It binds the TATA-box and bends DNA

Question 29

What does TFIIH do?

Answer 29

It unwinds strands and phosphorylates RNA tail. (Uses ATP for energy)

Question 30

How are Eukaryotic RNAs processed?

Answer 30

Pre- mRNA’s are processed by capping, polyadenylation, and splicing

Question 31

How is bacterial RNA processed?

Answer 31

Trick question, its not

Question 32

Characteristics of prokaryotic txn

Answer 32

no processing
sigma factor
TATA box at -35 and -10

Question 33

Characteristics of Eukaryotic txn

Answer 33

has processing
TBP
TATA box at -25

Question 34

What does splicing get rid of?

Answer 34

Introns

Question 35

What are introns?

Answer 35

non-amino acid/ nucleotide coding regions

Question 36

What does trimer bind?

Answer 36

U4, U5, U6

Question 37

What is Branch point A?

Answer 37

U2

Question 38

Why is it called a TATA box?

Answer 38

It is composed of a series of A’s and T’s

Question 39

What is a Holo-enzyme?

Answer 39

It is an RNA Polymerase with a sigma factor attached

Question 40

WHat is the -10 sequence?

Answer 40

TATAAT

Question 41

What is the -35 sequence?

Answer 41

TTGACAT